首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   463篇
  免费   20篇
  国内免费   104篇
安全科学   72篇
废物处理   20篇
环保管理   76篇
综合类   227篇
基础理论   67篇
污染及防治   72篇
评价与监测   37篇
社会与环境   10篇
灾害及防治   6篇
  2023年   6篇
  2022年   11篇
  2021年   16篇
  2020年   13篇
  2019年   4篇
  2018年   8篇
  2017年   3篇
  2016年   11篇
  2015年   17篇
  2014年   11篇
  2013年   24篇
  2012年   20篇
  2011年   25篇
  2010年   15篇
  2009年   20篇
  2008年   19篇
  2007年   45篇
  2006年   29篇
  2005年   31篇
  2004年   23篇
  2003年   31篇
  2002年   30篇
  2001年   21篇
  2000年   30篇
  1999年   18篇
  1998年   22篇
  1997年   17篇
  1996年   8篇
  1995年   10篇
  1994年   5篇
  1993年   5篇
  1992年   7篇
  1991年   4篇
  1990年   5篇
  1989年   4篇
  1988年   3篇
  1987年   2篇
  1986年   2篇
  1985年   2篇
  1984年   4篇
  1983年   1篇
  1981年   1篇
  1980年   1篇
  1979年   1篇
  1975年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
排序方式: 共有587条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
151.
在国内外研究的基础上通过实验以MAA、AA、BuAc、MMAc为原料,采用乳液聚合的方法合成了一种新型的不含烷氧基的水溶性W/O原油破乳剂SYL-01。反应条件与反应物的用量研究表明:反应物最佳配比为AA:MAA:BuAc:MMAC=0.75:0.25:10:4。对原油乳液的破乳实验说明:SYL-01与目前使用的9901破乳剂性能相当,脱水率较高。SYL-01原料价廉易得,不使用易燃易爆的气体原料,工艺简单,有较好的开发应用前景。  相似文献   
152.
ABSTRACT: Programs of monthly or annual stream water sampling will rarely observe the episodic extremes of acidification chemistry that occur during brief, unpredictable runoff events. When viewed in the context of data from several streams, however, baseflow measurements of variables such as acid neutralizing capacity, pH and NO3· are likely to be highly correlated with the episodic extremes of those variables from the same stream and runoff season. We illustrate these correlations for a water chemistry record, nearly two years in length, obtained from intensive sampling of 13 small Northeastern U.S. streams studied during USEPA's Episodic Response Project. For these streams, simple regression models estimate episodic extremes of acid neutralizing capacity, pH, NO3·, Ca2+, SO42?, and total dissolved Al with good relative accuracy from statistics of monthly or annual index samples. Model performances remain generally stable when episodic extremes in the second year of sampling are predicted from first-year models. Monthly or annual sampling designs, in conjunction with simple empirical models calibrated and maintained through intensive sampling every few years, may estimate episodic extremes of acidification chemistry with economy and reasonable accuracy. Such designs would facilitate sampling a large number of streams, thereby yielding estimates of the prevalence of episodic acidification at regional scales.  相似文献   
153.
The water from 34 strip mine and 9 livestock water impoundments on the Northern Great Plains was analyzed. In all areas the water was classified as slightly brackish or saline. The dominant ion sequence for the study ponds was Na>Ca>Mg>K and SO4HCO3CO3Cl, which differs from most freshwater by the transposition of Na and SO4. Even though mean concentrations of total filterable residue were consistently greater in strip mine ponds, statistically significant differences were not found at the p ≤ 0.05 level between strip ponds and livestock ponds. The macronutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus found in the ponds were neither limiting to primary productivity nor excessive for fresh water. Many ponds contain turbid water. Turbidity restricts light penetration and limits photosynthesis besides making the ponds visually unattractive. The source of water for the pond, whether surface runoff or groundwater, seems to have important bearing on turbidity. The most appropriate use of these strip mine ponds is for waterfowl, warm-water fisheries, and other wildlife associated with prairie wetlands. However, even these uses are jeopardized by detrimental concentrations of trace elements in the water (Anderson and Hawkes, 1984).  相似文献   
154.
ABSTRACT: Drought affects the quality of ground water in certain aquifers used by municipalities in Kansas. Water quality changes occur as a function of the amount of water available for recharge and hence to dilute more mineralized ground waters. Several measures of meteorological drought, including the Palmer Index and Eagleman Aridity Index, were correlated with water quality data to determine the degree of association. Several locations showed sharp delinces in water quality as the drought progressed. These relationships can be used to predict possible variations in present and future well-water supplies in locations subject to drought induced water quality deterioration.  相似文献   
155.
ABSTRACT: A method to partition the variation in concentrations of water chemistry parameters in a river is described. The approach consists of fitting a family of curves for each chemical parameter. Each curve indicates the response of the parameter to river flow for a particular time period or location. An analysis of covariance is then used to identify statistically significant differences between curves. Such differences result largely from two factors: (1) the discharge of effluents and (2) river flow-concentration relationships. The deviations from the fitted curves indicate month-to-month variations unrelated to river flow that are controlled by factors such as temperature-related seasonal patterns. Underlying statistical assumptions are discussed with respect to water chemistry data. The technique is applied to a data set consisting of monthly samples of 22 water chemistry parameters from the Sulphur River of Texas and Arkansas. Several patterns of response to river flow and to two effluent discharges were revealed.  相似文献   
156.
Variation in water chemistry was studied in 80 lakes in southern Sweden. The lakes had forest dominated catchments. The length of the time series was 14 years. Synchrony was calculated as Pearsons product moment correlation coefficients for all combinations of lakes, i.e. 3160 lake-pairs. The chemical variables studied were non-marine sulphate (SO4 *), non-marine calcium (Ca*), absorbance and acid neutralising capacity (ANC). Statistically significant synchrony occurred in 93% of all lake-pairs for SO4 *, and between 58 and 67% for absorbance, Ca* and ANC. In 70% of all lake-pairs, the synchrony was \s>0.71 for SO4 *, which means that more than half of the variation in one lake could be explained by the variation in the other lake. For absorbance, Ca* and ANC, about 25% of the lake-pairs had a synchrony \s>0.71. The relatively high synchrony for SO4 * occurred during an overall downward trend in SO4 * concentration.The degree of synchrony in our study was at a level comparable to other studies in northern America and England. However, our study included lakes in a much larger area, with distances of up to 500 km between the lakes, while earlier studies were made on small lake districts with lakes located within approximately 50 km. In contrast to these earlier studies, there was no correlation between synchrony and distance, lake characteristics or catchment characteristics. However, when a small subset of 15 lakes in the southeast of Sweden was selected, such relations were found.  相似文献   
157.
Physical, chemical and biological conditions at five stations on a small southeastern stream were evaluated using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (RBP) and the Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) to assess potential biological impacts of a municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) on downstream resources. Physical habitat, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish assemblages were impaired at Stations 1 and 2 (upstream of the WWTF), suggesting that the degraded physical habitat was adversely impacting the fish and benthic populations. The SQT also demonstrated that Stations 1 and 2 were degraded, but the factors responsible for the impaired conditions were attributed to the elevated concentrations of polycylclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals (Mn, Pb) in the sediments. The source of contaminants to the upper reaches of the stream appears to be storm-water runoff from the city center. Increased discharge and stabilized base flow contributed by the WWTF appeared to benefit the physically-altered stream system. Although the two assessment procedures demonstrated biological impairment at the upstream stations, the environmental factors identified as being responsible for the impairment were different: the RBP provided insight into contributions associated with the physical habitat and the SQT contributed information on contaminants and sediment quality. Both procedures are important in the identification of physical and chemical factors responsible for environmental impairment and together they provide information critical to the development of appropriate management options for mitigation.  相似文献   
158.
Precision estimates are presented for precipitation chemistry and depth measurements made by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN). The estimates were made for daily measurements of ion concentration and precipitation depth as well as for weekly, 28-day, seasonal and annual precipitation-weighted mean concentrations and depths. The data on which the estimates are based were collected from collocated samplers at five CAPMoN sites during the period 1985 to 1993. The data pairs from the collocated samplers were used to calculate the between-instrument error defined as 1/2 times the difference between the paired sample concentrations (or depths). For all of the ion concentrations and depths, the between-sampler errors were found not to be normally distributed, but the normality of the distributions improved with the length of the (volume-weighting) time period considered. A set of quantitative measures of overall network precision were derived in absolute (mg L-1) and relative (%) units. These included the Modified Median Absolute Deviation (M.MAD), the P90% probability values and the Coefficient of Variation (CoV). The latter, defined as the percent ratio of the M.MAD to the median concentration (or depth), represents the relative precision at the center of the error and concentration (and depth) distributions. Based on the CoV values, the relative precision of the CAPMoN measurements was very high (better than 4%) for SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , pH, H+, NH 4 + , sample depth and standard gauge depth, and not as high (between 10 and <35%) for Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. The ions with the lowest median concentrations had the poorest relative precision since so many of the concentrations were at or near the analytical detection limit. Except for the sample and standard gauge depths, both the absolute and relative precision improved with the length of the precipitation-weighting period. Detailed statistical testing established that the precision of the daily measurements is dependent on a number of factors, the most dominant being sample depth and concentration, i.e., the absolute precision improves with increasing sample depth and decreasing concentration. The strength of these relationships diminished with the length of the precipitation-weighting period being considered. Laboratory-related sources of imprecision were found to account for less than 4% of the overall daily measurement imprecision for most species, while field-related sources of imprecision accounted for the balance. Specialized plots are shown which allow data users to estimate the absolute and relative precision at any concentration and depth value.  相似文献   
159.
叙述了经济全球化且高速发展,带来了空气污染的全球化且日趋严重,使地球变暖、城市热岛效应加剧、酸雨的蔓延等给人类带来了空前的危机。这些污染物对建构筑物的主要材料混凝土造成了损害,并引起了人们的关注。本文进一步阐述了这些污染物对混凝土破坏机制和控制措施。  相似文献   
160.
胶体灭火剂试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析了用水灭火时存在的明显不足,引入了可改善水灭火性能,提高水灭火安全性和灭火效率的胶体灭火剂。对作为实验用火源的木垛尺寸,水和胶体的实验流量进行了理论分析和设计,设计和制造了可实现定量配比胶体火火剂的试验装置。利用自行设计的灭火实验装置,研究了胶体灭火剂和水对比的流动性能,抗燃性能和灭火性能。实验结果显示,胶体灭火剂在一定浓度范围内具有较好的流动性,不会提高胶体在管路中的流动阻力;与水相比,胶体灭火剂具有优异的抗燃和灭火效果。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号