A Comparison of the Precipitation Chemistry Measurements Obtained by the CAPMoN and NADP/NTN Networks

Precipitation chemistry measurementsobtained by the Canadian Air and PrecipitationMonitoring Network (CAPMoN) and the U.S. NationalAtmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network(NADP/NTN) have been examined using more than 7 yrof collocated data from two sites, namely, Sutton,Quebec, Canada and State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.In the case of the CAPMoN data, weeklyprecipitation-weighted mean concentrations, totalsample depths and total standard gauge depths werecomputed from daily data and compared to thecorresponding weekly sampling data of the NADP/NTNnetwork. Seasonal and annual precipitation-weightedmean concentrations and deposition values were alsocomputed for both networks and compared. Statisticallysignificant between-network biases were found to existin the weekly results for most of the measuredvariables, particularly standard gauge depth, sampledepth, pH, H⁺, NO₃ ^-,NH₄ ⁺,Na⁺; the NADP/NTN values were consistently lowerthan those of CAPMoN with the exception of pH andNa⁺. The magnitude of the biases was less than35% of the median CAPMoN weekly value for the 7 yr. For most of the measured parameters, thevariability of the between-network differencesrepresented less than 20% of the median CAPMoN weeklyvalue. Both the between-network biases andvariabilities were functions of several physicalparameters, the most dominant being the sample depthand the ionic concentration. For seasonal and annualdeposition values, statistically significantbetween-network biases were found for H⁺,SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-,Ca²⁺,NH₄ ⁺ for both periods; for Mg²⁺ andK⁺ for seasonal data; and Cl^- for yearlydata, with the NADP/NTN deposition values being lowerthan those of CAPMoN. The relative biases ranged from7 to 37%. Part of the between-network bias in thedeposition estimates was directly attributable to astrong bias in the standard gauge depths of the two networks.     

原油稳定装置的风险评价

运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法,对大庆油田天然气分公司正压原油稳定装置的火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价,介绍了火灾爆炸指数评价法的评价程序和计算步骤,定量计算火灾爆炸可能导致的危害程度和最大可能财产损失,根据实际情况确定了单元的危险系数和安全措施补偿系数,最后得出单元危险分析的安全评价结果.     

华能杨柳青电厂2＆#215;300MW机组湿烟囱烟囱雨治理研究

“烟囱雨”现象日益成为火力发电厂湿烟囱运行过程中的重要隐患,对其进行有效的治理具有重要的环境和社会意义.针对“烟囱雨”产生的根本原因,根据华能杨柳青电厂四期2＆#215;300MW机组湿烟囱的实际情况,将物理模拟研究与CFD气流组织模拟相结合,给出了一种湿烟囱“烟囱雨”治理方案：“DFG-LCS液体收集系统”.系统投入使用后,经现场实地检验发现,原先电厂存在较严重的“烟囱雨”现象已得到明显控制,且后期设备维护简单,是一种高效可行的烟囱雨治理技术.     

赤水河中下游冬季河水化学空间分布特征分析

通过在枯水期对赤水河中下游干流及其支流共25个河水样品进行水化学采样,水化学分析结果表明:在阴阳离子组成中,Ca2+为主要阳离子,占总阳离子的64%以上;阴离子以HCO3-和SO42-为主,占总阴离子75%~91%,其中HCO3-占51%以上。Gibbs图研究区河水化学组成受岩石风化作用控制,阴阳离子三角图、水化学比值分析表明研究区河水化学组成主要受碳酸盐岩风化作用影响,在下游部分支流存在一定硅酸盐岩风化作用。水化学时空分布的对比分析表明,人为活动的对赤水河流域岩石风化速率和水化学组成产生了一定的影响。     

Mg^2＋配位作用对磺胺嘧啶结构及吸收光谱影响的计算模拟及验证。

以磺胺嘧啶为模型化合物,基于量子化学密度泛函理论（DFT）,通过结构优化及相互作用能的计算,预测Mg^2＋与磺胺嘧啶形成1：1配合物的结构．结果表明,Mg^2＋和磺酰胺基的N和0原子配位,同时结合一个水分子;配合物磺酰胺基的键长、键角和二面角发生明显变化．基于含时密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）方法,计算磺胺嘧啶及其配合物...     

一种基于SDS溶液高效提取土壤残留Bt蛋白的方法

通过对SDS浓度、孵育温度和孵育时间3种提取条件的研究,建立了一种基于SDS溶液的提取土壤中残留Bt蛋白的方法(简称SDS法).在ρ(SDS)为2 g·L-1、孵育温度为50℃、孵育时间≥4 h条件下,采用SDS法可有效地从不同类型土壤样品中提取残留Bt蛋白,提取效果明显好于碳酸盐法、人造蠕虫肠道蛋白提取液法和PBST(phosphate buffer solution with Tween-20)法.     

南方某氟化学工业园周围环境中全氟化合物的分布研究

南方某氟化学工业园四氟乙烯(TFE)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的年生产量均达万吨以上,大量氟化学品的生产可能对周围环境产生一定的危害.本文以该氟化学工业园为研究对象,对其周边地区的水体、沉积物中的11种全氟化合物(PFASs)含量进行监测,并首次对植物树叶和树皮中PFASs含量进行测定.结果表明,与树皮相比,树叶对环境中PFASs具有更强的富集能力;水、沉积物、树叶和树皮中最主要的PFASs均是全氟辛酸(PFOA).地表水中PFOA浓度均值为675.9 ng·L-1,最高浓度达1503 ng·L-1;沉积物中PFOA浓度均值为1.11 ng·g-1(干重,下同),最高浓度为2.58 ng·g-l;树叶和树皮中的PFOA浓度均值分别为22.18和15.43 ng·g-1,最高浓度分别为168.6和89.67 ng·g-1.     

对菏泽地区百年一遇暴雨成灾的反思

本文针对菏泽地区1993年遭遇百年一遇暴雨成灾的现实,客观地反映了灾情,分析了成灾的主要原因,并提出了防御对策。     

Lignin and its effects on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems

Lignin is a major component of plant litter. In this review, we found lignin comprises a complex class of organic compounds whose concentration differs greatly both between and within plant species. There are many analytical methods for detecting the composition and structure of lignins. As lignins are enormously complex compounds, chemical assay is difficult and different methods vary with the results. Lignin plays a significant role in the carbon cycle, sequestering atmospheric carbon into the living tissues of woody perennial vegetation. It has also great effects on nitrogen dynamics of forest ecosystems as well as other ecological processes. Lignin is one of the most slowly decomposing components of dead vegetation, contributing a major fraction of the material that becomes humus as it decomposes. Lignin is highly correlated with decomposition of litter. Thus, there is evidence that the lignin concentration is a more influential factor than the other chemical concentrations, in determining the rate of leaf litter decomposition of different forest ecosystems. Although a great number of researchers have addressed lignin's role in litter decomposition, still there are many aspects of lignin biogeochemistry that are not known. This lack of information hinders complete amalgam of lignin effects on litter decomposition processes and dynamics of nutrient cycling.     

Clinical and analytical follow‐up of 25 persons exposed accidentally to beryllium†

An accidental exposition of 25 persons to beryllium dust was used to follow up trace analytical and clinical parameters over a period of 10 months. Although no exposed person shows any symptoms of an acute beryllium intoxication, up to 5‐fold increased beryllium concentrations could be analysed in serum samples about 10 hours after exposition. The beryllium clearance shows a biological half time in the range of 2 to 8 weeks. The beryllium determination in the nanogram range was carried out using a combined method by flameless a.a.s. with a detection limit of 0.6 ppb Be and a relative standard deviation from 20 to 4% in relation to the concentration range of beryllium measurement.

Beryllium analyses are completed by thorax X‐ray, spirometry, y‐globulins and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT), which have shown no pathological values. Because it is known for beryllium to sensitize the cellular immune response, neopterin measurement was used to determine the activity of the immune system. Neopterin, a pteridine synthesized by activated macrophages after stimulation by gamma‐interferon derived from sensitized T‐lymphocytes, was determined in urine samples by HPLC combined with an fluorescence detector. Only in two cases a slight increase of neopterin has been found. As a result of this study it can be summarized, that a short‐time exposure to beryllium (10–20 h), which results in a increase of beryllium in serum to the fivefold normal beryllium level, does not initiate any symptoms of an acute beryllium intoxication. The exposed persons are controlled in future to evaluate the further course.