湖南省大气湿沉降化学研究

以湖南省1999～2001年的酸雨监测数据为基础,运用统计学和线性回归分析方法研究了位于中国中南部的重酸雨区湖南省的大气降水的酸度和化学组成的分布特征以及季节变化规律。结果表明,大气降水以SO_4~(2-)为主,占总离子量的31％,大气降水阴阳离子基本平衡。降水年平均pH值为4.86,以春季酸度最大,降水离子总量以冬季最大。研究结果同时表明,降水酸度是主要酸性离子和主要碱性离子共同作用的结果,而且([H~+]+[NH_4~+])/([SO_4~(2-)]+[NO_3~-])比值的变化能较好的反映降水过程中强酸离子的中和现象。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定水源水中酞酸酯和己二酸酯

用C18固相萃取和液-液萃取两种前处理方法处理水样,然后用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)定量测定水源水中的6种酞酸酯和己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯.研究结果表明,用C18固相萃取法测定目标化合物的加标回收率范围为65%～101%,相对标准偏差为5.50%～19.71%;用液-液萃取法测定目标化合物的加标回收率范围为54 5%～107.6%,相对标准偏差为3.56%～14.47%.还研究了C18固相萃取法的方法检测限.除邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯的检测限为1.36 μg/L外,其他目标化合物的检测限为0.05～0.48μg/L.该方法适用于监测水源水中6种酞酸酯和己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯.对实验过程中污染源的分析结果表明,固相萃取小柱、无水硫酸钠、玻璃毛和溶剂都有可能造成酞酸酯分析污染.     

显色法测定环境样品中的纳米二氧化钛

水环境中纳米二氧化钛分析方法的建立是研究其环境行为的基础.以钛离子与H2O2的显色反应为基础,建立了用分光光度计测定含纳米二氧化钛水样、鱼样的方法.该方法简便可行,不需要复杂仪器设备,测定结果与ICP-AES测定方法相比无显著差异.     

Prediction of environmental partition coefficients and the Henry's law constants for 135 congeners of chlorodibenzothiophene

Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) could be classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment and are particularly interesting due to their structural resemblance to highly toxic dioxins. We show here some basic environmental properties such as n-octanol water (K_OW), n-octanol/air (K_OA) and air/water (K_AW) partition coefficients as well as Henry’s law constants (K_H) for all 135 congeners of chlorodibenzothiophene. Predictions were made by regression of principal components (PCR) and with aid of a set of standard chemicals, for which physical–chemical properties are well featured. Computed K_OW, K_OA, K_AW and K_H values for mono-CDTs ranged, respectively, between 4.66 and 4.71, 7.48 and 7.55, −2.84 and −2.82, 3.56 and 3.74; for di-CDTs between 5.02 and 5.28, 8.03 and 8.29, −3.01 and −2.95, 2.42 and 2.75; for tri-CDTs between 5.53 and 5.70, 8.65 and 8.87, −3.2 and −3.11, 1.58 and 1.92; for tetra-CDTs between 5.95 and 6.13, 9.27 and 9.50, −3.39 and −3.27, 1.02 and 1.33; for penta-CDTs between 6.38 and 6.51, 9.88 and 10.05, −3.54 and −3.45, 0.72 and 0.88; for hexa-CDTs between 6.83 and 6.97, 10.54 and 10.66, −3.72 and −3.64, 0.47 and 0.56; for hepta-CDTs between 7.28 and 7.35, 11.12 and 11.20, −3.81 and −3.87, 0.33 and 0.38; for octa-CDT 7.74, 11.78, −4.04 and 0.23. An estimated value of the three types of partition coefficient and Henry’s law constants suggest that polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes are lipophilic and semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants. Their mobility in the environment seems to be very similar to that of some well-known POPs such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans, -dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -biphenyls or organochlorine pesticides.     

散煤运输用膜型抑尘剂的制备及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以氧化淀粉、丙烯酸(AA)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,通过接枝共聚制备了一种软膜型抑尘剂(抑尘剂液体干燥后形成具有一定韧性的软膜)。与聚乙烯醇类壳型抑尘剂(干燥后形成很脆的壳层)相比,软膜型抑尘剂提高了煤粉固化层的抗破裂能力。由抗震荡性试验可知,使用膜型抑尘剂后,经过18 h的震荡,煤粉的损失率仅为1.91%,而使用壳型抑尘剂后煤粉的损失率为4.85%。还测定了2种抑尘剂的保湿性和耐破度。利用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了表征,采用SEM观察了该产物在煤粉表面形成的膜层形貌。试验结果表明,散煤运输中膜型抑尘剂在减少煤粉损失和控制扬尘污染方面性能优于壳型抑尘剂。     

柱色谱法批量分离N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3’,4’:1,2][60]富勒烯研究

经C60、N-甲基甘氨酸和间硝基苯甲醛反应得到N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3′,4′∶1,2][60]富勒烯(MNPF)反应液,旋转蒸发干燥得质量分数为23%的MNPF粗品,采用柱色谱法批量分离其中的MNPF。确定了柱色谱法批量分离MNPF的最佳工艺条件:二硫化碳为流动相,柱层析用硅胶(37~48μm)为固定相,色谱柱直径5cm,高径比为6∶1,最大上样量为23 g。此时分离所得MNPF纯度达99%,回收率为92.3%。     

Review of technologies and their applications for the speciated detection of RO2 radicals

Peroxy radicals (RO₂), which are formed during the oxidation of volatile organic compounds, play an important role in atmospheric oxidation reactions. Therefore, the measurement of RO₂, especially distinct species of RO₂ radicals, is important and greatly helps the exploration of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms. Although the speciated detection of RO₂ radicals remains challenging, various methods have been developed to study them in detail. These methods can be divided into spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technologies. The spectroscopy methods contain laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), UV-absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and matrix isolation and electron spin resonance (MIESR). The mass spectrometry methods contain chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-APi-TOF), chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS), CI-Orbitrap-MS and the third-generation proton transfer reaction–time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR3). This article reviews technologies for the speciated detection of RO₂ radicals and the applications of these methods. In addition, a comparison of these techniques and the reaction mechanisms of some key species are discussed. Finally, possible gaps are proposed that could be filled by future research into speciated RO₂ radicals.     

电极法测定降水中的氟化物

电极法测定降水中的氟具有选择性好、灵敏度高、线性范围宽，降水中的浑浊和色度不影响测定的特点，测定范围为0.05-1900mg/L，应用文中所拟测定降水中氟化物，结果令人满意。     

聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂的物化性质研究

本文通过对直接氧化法聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的热力学研究,首次报道了PFS的一些物化数据:热容、积分溶解热和反应热效应,并根据稀溶液的依数性原理测定了PFS的平均分子量。     

浅谈石油化工企业安全管理三要素(3P)及其应用

通过安全管理三要素(3P),倡导石化企业在设备老化、环境腐蚀、工艺变更、交叉作业等各种复杂环境下,"万变不离其宗",加强对装置、过程和人员三者的管理,有效防范各类事故的发生。