用参数方程的方法计算氟氯碳化合物的臭氧消耗潜势

在研究同类氟氯碳化合物臭氧消化潜势之间的差异，探讨ＯＤＰ与有关参数必然的内在联系的基础上，建立起两类求算ＨＣＦＣｓ，ＣＦＣｓ的ＯＤＰ的参数方程。一类是以大气寿命τ为参变量的计算ＯＤＰ的参数方程，与之相应，发展了一种仅含氟氯碳化合物分解反应的得     

青海湖流域水化学主离子特征及控制因素初探

系统收集了青海湖流域湖水、河水、地下水、雨水,分析了各端元水体主量离子组成。结果表明:青海湖流域水样化学组成均落在Gibbs提出的Boomerang Envelope模型中上翼,暗示研究区水样化学组成受到岩石风化以及蒸发/结晶作用影响。雨水总溶解固体含量(TDS)高于世界雨水平均值,其阳离子和阴离子分别以Ca2+和HCO3-为主;落于Gibbs模型左端,即有很低的Na+/(Na++Ca2+)、Cl-/(Cl-+HCO3-)比值,暗示大气中CaCO3颗粒的溶解可能是影响研究区雨水化学组成的重要因素。河水丰水期TDS明显高于枯水期TDS。枯水期河水的阳离子分布在(Na++K+)-Ca2+线上靠近Ca2+端元,阴离子分布在HCO3--Cl-线上靠近HCO3-一端。与枯水期相比,丰水期河水的阳离子和阴离子分别向Ca2+端元和HCO3-端元靠拢。河水的(Ca2++Mg2+)/TZ+,(Ca2++Mg2+)/(Na++K+),HCO3-/Na+以及Cl-/Na+对比分析表明,青海湖流域枯水期风化作用弱于丰水期,河水化学组成主要受碳酸盐岩溶解控制。     

Reactions between the SO4·- radical and some common anions in atmospheric aqueous droplets

IntroductionThe conversion processes of some atmospheric pollutantsinside the aqueous droplets e .g. clouds , rains and fogspresent interesting topics to discuss . One typical example ofthis kind of pollutants was SO2. It can dissolve into thedroplets rea…     

中国暴雨洪涝灾害的统计分析

根据近４０多年来的资料，对我国暴雨洪涝灾害进行了统计分析。分析表明，我国暴雨洪涝灾害面积大，且有随时间而增加的趋势；年均受涝面积最大的地区主要位于江淮流域；暴雨洪涝发生的基本规律，南方早，北方迟，６～８月为暴雨洪涝主要多发期。     

东江流域化学风化对大气CO2的吸收

对东江化学径流进行分析,使用质量平衡法和扣除法估算了流域化学风化对大气CO2的吸收通量.结果表明,东江水体的总溶解性固体(TDS)含量均值(59.88 mg·L-1)远低于世界河流均值(100 mg·L-1);离子组成以Ca2、Na+和HCO3-为主,可溶性Si次之,径流对总溶解固体的稀释效应由于受人类活动影响表现得并不明显.东江化学径流组成主要源自硅酸盐矿物的化学风化过程的贡献(72.46％～81.54％),其次为海盐贡献(17.65％～26.05％),碳酸盐矿物的贡献很少(0.81％ ～3.87％);大气CO2是流域内岩石化学风化的主要侵蚀介质,但H2SO4和HNO3的作用也不可忽视;东江流域岩石化学风化过程对大气CO2的消耗通量(3.02～3.08) x105 mol·km-2·a-1高于全球平均值,是全球岩石风化碳汇的一个重要组成部分.     

Investigation of spark ignition processes of laminar strained premixed stoichiometric NH3-H2-air flames

A knowledge of the ignition properties of ammonia (NH${}_3$)/hydrogen (H${}_2$) mixtures is important because of their abundance in chemical engineering processes, and also because of their prospective role as fuels in future energy systems. In particular, the question arises if and how important characteristics like ignition limits and minimum ignition energies in NH${}_3$/H${}_2$ mixtures are related to the physical conditions. To address this question, this work studies ignition process in ammonia/hydrogen mixtures by numerical simulations. These track the evolution of ammonia/hydrogen mixtures during and after the deposition of a certain ignition energy, using a detailed treatment of chemical reactions and molecular transport. Studies on the influence of different system parameters on the minimally required ignition energy are performed. These are the strain rate, hydrogen content, pressure and initial (pre-ignition) temperature. Significant findings include a quasi-linear correlation between the transition strain rate, defined as the strain rate below which no external energy is required to initiate successful ignition (auto-ignition) and a characteristic reaction rate, defined as the inverse of ignition delay time in homogeneous, quiescent mixtures. Also, the relative decay of minimum ignition energy with increasing hydrogen content is less pronounced for higher pressures. Analysis of the results supports a knowledge-based approach towards fail-proof ignition devices and reliable prevention of hazards. The simulations are used for assessing the ignitability of ammonia and its mixtures with hydrogen.