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41.
膜分离技术在油气回收中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在油品储运、销售、应用过程中,存在着大量的油品蒸发损耗。可用膜分离技术来分离回收轻质油品蒸发排放出来的油气。介绍膜法油气回收的分离机理、应用实例和工艺设计数据,综合比较常用的吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法及膜法油气回收技术并获得各自的量化分值,认为膜法回收技术为目前较有可能及较容易取得突破成果的研究领域。最后指出今后的研究重点。 相似文献
42.
一种新型静电油烟净化器的研制与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用高压静电原理,采用多电场模块组合技术,将烹饪过程中产生的油烟、热裂解尘雾、燃料烟尘在静电和电场的作用下电荷、吸附及氧化,达到净化油烟、除去烟尘、除去异味的作用,电场内所产生的臭氧还能杀菌,去除异味和有害气体。利用高压静电研制的油烟净化器比湿式油烟净化器、过滤式的油烟净化器有更大的优越性和应用前景。 相似文献
43.
Boelens Richard G. V. 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(1):169-174
The Irish Sea's distinctive hydrographic features present unique opportunities for research into the complex processes that
regulate shelf-sea ecosystems. Such studies are essential in developing capabilities to detect and evaluate change in marine
environments. A 1993 review showed almost 230 projects underway on the Irish Sea, spanning all the major fields of marine
science. But a large proportion of research projects failed to indicate the purpose of the work; overall, there was a remarkable
absence of clarity and specificity in the objectives. Progress in some fields is also hampered by insufficient coordination
and cohesion; at present there are no standing arrangements between Ireland and the United Kingdom that provide for bilateral,
co-ordination of scientific work in the area. There is clearly a need for a more planned and integrated Irish Sea science
programme to provide information for management purposes and also to advance scientific understanding of the components and
functions of Irish Sea ecosystems, and how and why they change with time. There is a common belief that the first of these
predominantly involves monitoring, and the second research. However, the paper cautions that this is a dubious and unnecessary
distinction. A strategy aimed at better integration of research and monitoring (e.g. a framework of linked objectives and
targets) could substantially increase the information dividend from current investments in Irish Sea science. Based on a joint
Irish/UK review, this paper outlines studies and approaches that are seen as key elements of a future, more relevant and costeffective
research programme for the Irish Sea. 相似文献
44.
45.
A multinational collaborative study during the summer of 1983 addressed organizational alternatives in natural systems management. Participants were particularly interested in ways different governments attempted to resolve the disparity between the interconnected quality of nature and the compartmentalized structure of bureaucracies. Five patterns of organization have evolved to meet this challenge: mission agencies managing ecosystems; independent or interagency central environmental units: environmental units within mission agencies; environmental components within central planning units; and regional superagencies. The systems developed by five nations—the United States, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand—are analyzed and compared in terms of these five patterns. 相似文献
46.
Neha Parkhi Dilip Chate Sachin D. Ghude Sunil Peshin Anoop Mahajan Reka Srinivas Divya Surendran Kaushar Ali Siddhartha Singh Hanumant Trimbake Gufran Beig 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(5):265-272
A network of air quality and weather monitoring stations was established under the System of Air Quality Forecasting and Research(SAFAR) project in Delhi. We report observations of ozone(O_3), nitrogen oxides(NO_x), carbon monoxide(CO) and particulate matter(PM_2.5and PM_(10)) before, during and after the Diwali in two consecutive years, i.e., November 2010 and October 2011. The Diwali days are characterised by large firework displays throughout India. The observations show that the background concentrations of particulate matter are between 5 and 10 times the permissible limits in Europe and the United States. During the Diwali-2010, the highest observed PM_(10) and PM_2.5mass concentration is as high as2070 μg/m~3 and 1620 μg/m3, respectively(24 hr mean), which was about 20 and 27 times to National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS). For Diwali-2011, the increase in PM_(10) and PM_2.5mass concentrations was much less with their peaks of 600 and of 390 μg/m~3 respectively, as compared to the background concentrations. Contrary to previous reports,firework display was not found to strongly influence the NO_x, and O_3 mixing ratios, with the increase within the observed variability in the background. CO mixing ratios showed an increase. We show that the large difference in 2010 and 2011 pollutant concentrations is controlled by weather parameters. 相似文献
47.
In the electricity sector, innovation in large-scale storage is anticipated to reduce costs and improve performance. The effect on greenhouse gas emissions of lower storage costs depends on the interactions between storage and the entire grid. The literature has disagreed on the role of storage in reducing emissions. In this paper we present a stylized model, which suggests that the effect of storage costs on emissions depends on the supply responsiveness of both fossil and renewable generators. Under common conditions in the United States, lower storage costs are more likely to reduce emissions when wind investment responds to equilibrium electricity prices and when solar investment does not. Simulations of a computational model of grid investment and operation confirm these intuitions. Moreover, because of its effect on coal and natural gas–fired supply responsiveness, introducing a carbon dioxide emissions price may increase the likelihood that lower storage costs reduce emissions. 相似文献
48.
Integration of environmental science in society is impeded by the large gap between science and policy that is characterised by weaknesses in societal relevance and dissemination of science and its practical implementation in policy. We analyse experiences from BONUS, the policy-driven joint Baltic Sea research and development programme (2007–2020), which is part of the European Research Area (ERA) and involves combined research funding by eight EU member states. The ERA process decreased fragmentation of Baltic Sea science and BONUS funding increased the scientific quality and societal relevance of Baltic Sea science and strengthened the science-policy interface. Acknowledging the different drivers for science producers (academic career, need for funding, peer review) and science users (fast results fitting policy windows), and realising that most scientists aim at building conceptual understanding rather than instrumental use, bridges can be built through strategic planning, coordination and integration. This requires strong programme governance stretching far beyond selecting projects for funding, such as coaching, facilitating the sharing of infrastructure and data and iterative networking within and between science producer and user groups in all programme phases. Instruments of critical importance for successful science-society integration were identified as: (1) coordinating a strategic research agenda with strong inputs from science, policy and management, (2) providing platforms where science and policy can meet, (3) requiring cooperation between scientists to decrease fragmentation, increase quality, clarify uncertainties and increase consensus about environmental problems, (4) encouraging and supporting scientists in disseminating their results through audience-tailored channels, and (5) funding not only primary research but also synthesis projects that evaluate the scientific findings and their practical use in society – in close cooperation with science users − to enhance relevance, credibility and legitimacy of environmental science and expand its practical implementation. 相似文献
49.
Stakeholder participation is considered a key principle for sustainable development in the context of natural resource and disaster risk management. Participatory modelling (PM) is an interactive and iterative process in which stakeholder involvement is supported by modelling and communication tools. Planning and decision-making for sustainable development (SD)integrate three substantive dimensions − social, ecological and economic. The procedural dimension of SD, however, is equally important, and here we see great potential for PM. In this study, we evaluate five PM research projects against criteria for the procedural dimension of SD. This provides a basis for identifying key issues and needs for further research into PM for SD. While the cases show great potential, especially for supporting knowledge integration, learning and transparent handling of values and perspectives, they indicate a particular need to develop PM in respect of organizational integration. This issue is closely connected to the possibility of effectively implementing PM in practice. 相似文献
50.