SWMM模型综述

综述了非点源污染模型的体系,对SWMM模型的原理进行了阐述,如汇水单元产生径流的模拟过程及其原理、污染物累积及冲刷过程的原理、输移模块的模拟原理等。概括了SWMM模型在国内外的研究进展和应用。     

沈阳市春季一次沙尘天气过程分析

2008年5月27—28日中国北方发生了一次影响范围最大、持续时间长的沙尘暴天气过程,造成了严重的空气污染。受其影响沈阳市出现了一次以浮尘天气为主的轻度污染事件,给沈阳地区的生产和生活带来了影响。主要从天气形势上分析了此次沙尘天气形成的原因。结果表明,此次过程是由强冷空气和蒙古气旋引起的,蒙古气旋发展和地面冷锋移动经过蒙古国和华北北部等干燥、疏松的地表形成扬沙、沙尘暴,大量的细小沙尘粒子随高空偏西气流携带而至沈阳,形成浮尘天气。     

大伙房水库上游暴雨径流污染特征分析

为研究大伙房水库上游暴雨径流污染特征,2010年对大伙房水库上游3条主要入库河流暴雨径流情况下的水量、水质进行了连续监测,结果表明：污染物浓度值与暴雨径流量的峰值基本保持一致。     

A National Assessment of the Potential Linkage between Soil,and Surface and Groundwater Concentrations of Phosphorus

A meta‐analysis of three national databases determined the potential linkage between soil and surface and groundwater enrichment with phosphorus (P). Soil P was enriched especially under dairying commensurate with an increase in cow numbers and the tonnage of P‐fertilizers sold. Median P concentrations were enriched in surface waters receiving runoff from industrial and dairy land uses, and in groundwater beneath dairying especially in those aquifers with gravel or sand lithology, irrespective of groundwater redox status. After geographically pairing surface and groundwater sites to maximize the chance of connectivity, a subset of sites dominated by aquifers with gravel and sand lithology showed increasing P concentrations with as little as 10 years data. These data raise the possibility that groundwater could contribute much P to surface water if: there is good connectivity between surface and groundwater, intensive land use occurs on soils prone to leaching, and leached‐P is not attenuated through aquifers. While strategies are available to mitigate P loss from intensive farming systems in the short‐term, factors such as enriched soils and slow groundwater may mean that despite their use, there will be a long‐term input (viz. legacy), that may sustain surface water P enrichment. To avoid poor surface water quality, management and planning may need to consider the connectivity and characteristics of P in soil‐groundwater‐surface water systems.