天然富碳沉积物中菲的吸附行为研究

根据密度和粒度,对受煤矿活动影响的天然沉积物进行分离,并研究原始沉积物和各组分对菲的吸附行为.岩相分析鉴别出沉积物中富含煤和各种煤的生成物,这些富碳物质对沉积物中PAHs的行为意义重大.分别应用了Freundlich以及分配和填孔二元模型对实验数据进行拟合.结果表明,各组分对菲的吸附均表现出非线性的吸附特征,其n值在0.72～0.76之间.轻组分lgKFr高达4.03,显示出与原煤相当的吸附容量.同时,相比Freundlich模型,二元模型表现出更好的拟合度,揭示了低cw下以“填孔”为主导,高cw下以“分配”为主导的吸附机制.富含富碳物质的轻组分虽然在沉积物中含量不足5%,但该组分对整个沉积物吸附量的贡献率高达60%以上.     

氧氟沙星在碳纳米管上的吸附机制研究

碳纳米管吸附氧氟沙星(OFL)是控制其在水体中归趋的一种有效方法.本研究讨论了多壁碳纳米管及其共混酸处理产物(MWCNTs和MWCNTs-O)对于氧氟沙星的吸附过程.考察了吸附动力学、吸附等温线、pH的影响和解吸过程.结果表明,吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学模型,OFL在MWCNTs-O上的平衡吸附量较大;Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型都能很好拟合吸附过程;pH在6.0~10.0时,平衡吸附量下降很快;解吸过程出现了解吸滞后现象,在MWCNTs-O上更为明显.吸附热力学分析表明OFL在碳纳米管上的吸附作用力为分子间作用力,MWCNTs-O上较多含氧官能团的引入为OFL分子的吸附提供了较多的吸附点,有利于OFL分子和碳纳米管之间形成相对作用力较强的氢键,该作用力主导了OFL在碳纳米管上的吸附,解释了试验现象.     

Solubility and sorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and cosolvent systems

The solubility and sorption of oil by uncontaminated clay loam and silt loam soils were studied from water and cosolvent/water solutions using batch techniques. The data obtained from the dissolution and sorption experiments were used to evaluate the applicability of the cosolvent theory to oil as a complex mixture. Aqueous solubility and soil-water distribution coeffcients (Kd,w, L/kg) were estimated by extrapolating from cosolvent data, with a log-linear cosolvency model, to the volume fraction of cosolve...     

Precise regulation of acid pretreatment for red mud SCR catalyst: Targeting on optimizing the acidity and reducibility

• The optimum SCR activity was realized by tuning the acid pretreatment. • Optimized catalysts showed NO_x conversion above 90%. • The NH₃ and NO adsorption capacity of Al-O₃-Fe is stronger than Fe-O₃-Fe. • The formation of almandine consumes Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ and weakens their interaction. Red mud (RM), as an alkaline waste, was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst. Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud, which were critical for SCR reaction. However, the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud. In this study, we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment (dealkalization) process. The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid. When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5 (CRM-3 and CRM-5), activated catalysts showed NO_x conversion above 90% at 275°C–475°C. The high initial reaction rate, Ce³⁺/(Ce³⁺ + Ce⁴⁺) ratio, and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst. Meanwhile, more Fe³⁺ on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH₃ adsorption. There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts. DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O₃-Fe for NH₃ and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O₃-Fe, which enhanced the NO_x conversion of the catalyst. However, the almandine was formed in CRM-4, consumed part of Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺, and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened. Also, deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites, thus leading to lower NH₃-SCR activity.     

非离子表面活性剂对菲在水/土壤界面间吸附行为的影响

比较研究了不同浓度非离子表面活性剂TX 10 0存在下 ,4种土壤对菲的吸附作用 .研究表明 ,TX 10 0浓度小于 2CMC时 ,有机碳含量 (foc)分别为 5 1× 10 3 mg kg、1 2 8× 10 4 mg kg的土壤对菲的吸附作用增强 ,即K d Kd 比值大于 1,且随TX 10 0浓度的增大而增大 ;foc分别为 3 31× 10 4 mg kg、6 4 8× 10 4 mg kg的土壤 ,则降低土壤对菲的吸附作用 ,即K d Kd 比值小于 1,且随TX 10 0浓度的增大而减小 .当加入的TX 10 0浓度大于 2CMC时 ,则明显降低土壤对菲的吸附作用 .菲的K d Kd 比值随土壤有机碳含量的增加而降低 ,而表观有机碳标化的吸附系数K oc 则随TX 10 0浓度的增大而减小 .影响机理由吸附态和溶解态的TX 10 0分别对菲的吸附作用和增溶作用决定 .