人为失误与应激

探讨了人机系统中人为失误与不同应激的相关性.按照模糊集理论,根据成员功能结构,提出了定义正常应激范围的方法以及过高过低应激导致的事故等不良后果.     

灯心草部分生理生化指标对土壤复合重金属胁迫的响应

通过盆栽试验,以叶绿素含量和POD、SOD、CAT3种抗氧化酶活性作为观测指标,研究了Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As复合重金属胁迫下灯心草部分生理生化指标的变化趋势和机理.结果表明,灯心草的生理毒害效应呈明显的剂量-效应关系.表现为与对照相比,叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值降低,叶片失绿现象明显.随着复合重金属胁迫浓度的增加,灯心草3种酶活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势,但出现抗性酶活性高峰所对应的重金属浓度不同,表现出不同的特征变化趋势.总体来说,在接近土壤环境质量标准低浓度设计范围内,酶活性有逐渐被激活的趋势.但在高浓度水平下,酶活性普遍受到抑制.生长在铅锌尾矿和模拟矿毒水污染土壤中的灯心草叶绿素合成受到显著抑制(P＜0.05),但POD和CAT两种酶活性均高于对照.     

基于iTRAQ技术荧蒽降解菌的比较蛋白质组学分析

提取荧蒽不同诱导时间的红球菌BAP-1蛋白,应用iTRAQ技术结合LC-MS/MS对差异蛋白进行聚类以及生物信息学分析,以研究荧蒽高效降解菌的蛋白功能调控机理.结果表明：共鉴定到796个差异蛋白（差异倍数为2）,其中表达上调的有613个,表达下调的有183个.3个比对组（3d/1d、6d/1d和8d/1d）共同差异表达蛋白为111个（上调56个,下调55个）.通过COG、GO富集和pathway富集分析后发现绝大部分差异蛋白参与代谢和能量产生过程.在荧蒽诱导下上调关键蛋白有细胞色素C、三磷酸腺苷合成酶、二磷酸核苷等激酶,还有一些结合蛋白、脱氢酶、核糖体蛋白和趋化性蛋白等;下调显著的是5-甲基四氢蝶酰三谷氨酸-同型半胱氨酸甲基转移酶.这些蛋白共同组成蛋白互作网络调控荧蒽降解菌的一系列生命活动.     

一种复合材料尖劈和接头端部安全性评估的新模型

笔者从尖劈尖端的弱式控制方程出发导出虚功原理 ,然后通过非协调元离散 ,得到一个基于位移的、分析尖劈尖端奇异性问题的特征方程。该方法与过去原有求解裂纹尖端近似场的有限元特征分析方法导出公式的出发点不同 ,并且采用的单元形式为非协调元 ,尖劈尖端邻域内的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术。通过求解特征方程获得奇性应力指数 ,并以此判断尖劈和接头的安全性 ,运用该方法对若干尖劈和接头进行安全性评估。所有的计算结果表明 ,笔者方法较原有方法使用的单元少而且精度高。     

Amniotic fluid pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) in fetal developmental disorders

Concentration of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) was studied in second and third trimester amniotic fluid from pregnancies with various fetal developmental disorders. The material consisted of 26 cases with chromosomal disorders and 19 cases with nonchromosomal fetal malformations. The SP1 concentration was elevated in two cases of Meckel's syndrome (mean + 2.7–4.0 S.D.) as well as in one case of fetal triploidy (mean + 22 S.D.), while it was normal in all other 14 different fetal disorders.     

Amniotic fluid pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) in Meckel's syndrome: A new test for prenatal diagnosis?

Amniotic fluid levels of pregnancy-specific β₁-glycoprotein (SP₁) were elevated in four pregnancies with Meckel's syndrome at 16 and 26 weeks, and the levels of hCG were also elevated in three out of four cases. These findings suggest a potential new application of SP₁ measurement for prenatal diagnosis.     

Is the antipredatory response in behaviour reflected in stress measured in faecal corticosteroids in a small rodent?

Predation risk has been shown to alter various behaviours in prey. Risk alters activity, habitat use and foraging, and weight decrease might be a consequence of that. In mammals, studies on physiological measures affected by risk of predation, other than weight, are rare. We studied in two separate laboratory experiments foraging, hoarding behaviour and expression of stress measured non-invasively from the faeces in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), a common boreal rodent. Voles were exposed to predation risk using odours of the least weasels (Mustela nivalis nivalis). Distilled water served as control. In the first experiment, we found that foraging effort, measured as sunflower seeds taken from seed trays filled with sand, was significantly lower in trays scented with weasel odour. Both immediate consumption of seeds and hoarding were affected negatively by the weasel odour. Females hoarded significantly more than males in autumn. In the second experiment, the negative effect of weasel odour on foraging was consistent over a 3-day experiment, but the strongest effect was observed in the first night. Foraging increased over the time of the experiment, which might reflect either energetic compensation during a longer period of risk, predicted in the predation risk allocation hypothesis, or habituation to the odour-simulated risk. Despite decreased foraging under predation risk, stress measured as corticosteroid metabolite concentration in vole faeces was not affected by the weasel odour treatment. In conclusion, we were able to verify predation-risk-mediated changes in the foraging effort of bank voles but no physiological stress response was measured non-invasively, probably due to great individual variation in secretion of stress hormones.     

作物根系对干旱胁迫逆境的适应性研究进展

主要就作物根系的形态性状、根系提水作用、生理代谢、根系细胞壁蛋白及其生长性能与干旱胁迫间的关系作了综述;指出应加强对干旱逆境下根系发育及根系生长性状变化上的遗传机理研究。     

土地利用类型与水分亏缺的风险程度关系——以北方农牧交错带黄土高原区为例

在北方农牧交错带植被重建中适宜乔、灌、草种生态区划的基础上,以该区域黄土高原区作为研究区,结合该区1989和1999两年的土地利用分类图,通过计算区域缺水指数及对其分级,探讨了缺水指数在时间和空间上的变化规律,分析了耕地、林地、草地等该区主要土地利用类型在时间和空间上与缺水指数的关系。在此基础上,构建水分亏缺风险指数(RiskIndexofWaterDeficit),从研究区整体和各生态分区两个尺度上探讨了不同土地利用类型的RIWD时空分异。得出如下结论:①1989～2000年,研究区缺水指数均在中度以上,其变化幅度有逐年减少的趋势;②对比1989年和1999年两年的缺水指数,区域整体缺水状况有所缓解,但各生态分区内的缓解程度在空间上仍存在差异;③从研究区整体而言,各土地利用类型的水分亏缺风险指数逐渐减少,依次为林地、耕地、草地;④因各生态分区内的地理特征包括水分状况存在变化,故各土地利用类型的水分亏缺风险程度排列顺序与区域整体有所不同。