不同浓度NH4＋对黄菖蒲抗氧化酶系统的影响

通过追踪测定黄菖蒲叶绿素a、丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性,研究了不同浓度NH4＋对黄菖蒲抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,NH4＋质量浓度为0.5和1 mg/L时,黄菖蒲各理化指标变化平缓,0.5～1 mg/L是黄菖蒲生长的适宜的NH4＋质量浓度;而在ρ（NH4＋）≥3 mg/L时,NH4＋对黄菖蒲产生了明显的胁迫作用,表现为在培养过程中,黄菖蒲叶绿素a含量逐渐降低,SOD及POD活性呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,MDA含量逐渐增加,表明高浓度NH4＋在经过一段时间的胁迫后,能够显著抑制黄菖蒲SOD及POD的活性,引起细胞的氧化损伤,并能促进叶绿素的分解,从而影响黄菖蒲的生长。     

Scenes from a restaurant: Privacy regulation in stressful situations

Stress results when an individual has less control over an environment or a situation than is desired. One way of regaining control and reducing stress is to regulate privacy by screening the self from spatial, visual or acoustical invasion. This study examined the use of architectural features to regulate privacy under hypothetical situations that are likely to generate low, moderate and high stress, comparing the seating choices of males and females in a variety of dining scenarios in a restaurant. In more stressful circumstances such as those associated with a job interview, participants chose restaurant seating bounded by more architectural features than they did in more relaxed dining situations such as dining with friends. Males and females appeared to be different in their responses to moderate and high stress situations. These results have implications for designers of secondary settings where stressful interactions are likely to take place.     

Theory of the physical environment: An introduction

This paper suggests a way of classifying human physical environment according to its location and function. Environmental science is viewed as a branch of ecology, and the concept of the complex ecosystem is introduced. By using differential equations, the author draws attention to four factors that must be considered when evaluating the effect of any environmental agent on a human subject: the agent's extensive quality of rate of flow, its intensive quality of concentration or intensity, duration of the subject's exposure, and the uniformity of agent's stress in space and time. The environmental agents, individually or in jointly acting groups, produce environmental stress, which acts on the subject to produce strain and its contingent symptoms. The microclimate in this setting can be classified according to the type of stress involved. The human physical environment may be evaluated in three ways: objectively, subjectively, and from the standpoint of regulations or standards. The benefit or advantage of using this equation in evaluating or measuring the human physical environment is discussed.     

关于地铁轴流风机叶片发生断裂和出现裂纹的分析

叶片断裂和裂纹是旋转机械中普遍存在的一种安全隐患。对其发生规律进行分析是十分重要的。笔者针对地铁通风系统的某型号 18#轴流式风机发生断裂和出现裂纹的情况 ,采用Star—CD流体计算软件和ANSYS有限元软件计算了有、无软连接两种情况下的风机内流场和风机叶片的内应力。结果表明 ,软连接结构虽然对风机的内流场和叶片内应力有影响 ,但不足以对风机安全运行构成威胁。同时 ,分析了导致叶片断裂和出现裂纹的多种因素 ,并提出了避免类似现象发生的若干建议。     

筛选试验中振动应力量值剪裁方法

目前,筛选试验中振动应力量值选取大多采用GJB推荐值,而不同产品有其不同动力学特性,从而很难保证各类产品都达到强筛选效果.针对这种不足,本文提出一种根据产品实测响应而确定振动量级的新方法,并以电子组件为例,给出具体的实施方法及操作过程中诸多问题的解决办法.实践证明本方法具有推广价值.     

换热器不锈钢换热管束开裂原因分析

一台换热器换热管束发生了开裂泄漏.采取全面检验的方式,通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、断口微观形貌和能谱分析、金相分析等方法,对换热管开裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:该换热管开裂为氯化物应力腐蚀开裂.壳程介质循环冷却水中CI元素含量是应力腐蚀开裂的主要因素,结构缺陷、敏感的工作温度区间、水中溶解氧和含S杂质导致了应力腐蚀的快速发展.     

The early warning of aquatic organophosphorus pesticide contamination by on-line monitoring behavioral changes of Daphnia magna

In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC(50) values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 microg/l and 0.21 microg/l for dipterex 3.80 microg/l and 0.90 microg/l for malathion, and 1.25 microg/l and 0.38 microg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentration-response relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination.     

Evaluation of biotargeting and ecotoxicity of Co²⁺-containing nanoscale polymeric complex by applying multi-marker approach in bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea

Cobalt (Co²⁺) is present in many nanoscaled materials created for various applications. The key goal of our study was to develop sensitive approaches for assessing the bio-risks associated with using novel Co²⁺-containing nanoscaled polymeric complex (Co-NC). Freshwater bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea (Unionidae) was subjected to 14 d action of the developed Co-NC, as well as of Co²⁺ applied in the corresponding concentration (50 μg L⁻¹) or polymeric substance (PS). All experimental groups under study have demonstrated signs of toxic targeting, notably changes in DNA characteristics, oxidative stress (with particularities in each exposed group) and activation of anaerobiosis (Co²⁺ and Co-NC). However, the group exposed to Co-NC showed some advantages that can be related to the activation of metallothionein (MT) function (increase in the level of MT-related SH-groups (MT-SH)): low level of oxyradical formation, no increase in protein carbonylation and vitellogenin-like proteins concentration unlike in Co²⁺ and PS exposed groups. On the other hand, Co²⁺ increased metal (Co, Cu, Zn and Cd) binding to MT (MT-Me) without changes in MT-SH level jointly with activation of oxyradical formation and apoptosis and decreasing of lysosomal membrane stability. PS per se initiated unbalanced changes in activities of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase. Thus, Co²⁺ complexing with the developed PS prevented bio-toxic effects of free Co²⁺ ions and PS per se, at least in the studied hydrobiont. The MT-SH was the main distinguishing index of Co-NC group selected by classification and regression tree analysis.     

Antioxidant and metabolism responses to polyphenol stress in cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Three common polyphenol compounds Gallic Acid (GA), Pyrogallic Acid (PA) and Catechol (CA) are known to have allelochemical-exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). Metabolism and antioxidant responses in M. aeruginosa were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which the three polyphenols inhibit algal growth. The inhibition effects of polyphenols were in the order of CA > PA > GA. The GA and CA exposures increased protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and soluble sugar, especially for exposure to GA of 25 mg L^?1. Soluble sugar content increased significantly especially when exposed to CA for 72 h. When exposed to PA, protein content, and SOD and CAT activities initially increased but over longer treatment time the activities decreased, in contrast to sugar content. Our results suggest that PA exposure for longer periods of time may inhibit catabolism action, while CA exposure could induce more oxide stress than GA or PA. The overall study showed that polyphenol-induced oxidative damage might be responsible for polyphenol inhibition on M. aeruginosa growth. The increases in cellular antioxidant enzymes and soluble sugar may have been to counteract the oxidative stress.