Sampling and Mapping a Soil Erosion Cover Factor by Integrating Stratification,Model Updating and Cokriging with Images

Cost-efficient sample designs for collection of ground data and accurate mapping of variables are required to monitor natural resources and environmental and ecological systems. In this study, a sample design and mapping method was developed by integrating stratification, model updating, and cokriging with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. This method is based on the spatial autocorrelation of variables and the spatial cross-correlation among them. It can lead to sample designs with variable grid spacing, where sampling distances between plots vary depending on spatial variability of the variables from location to location. This has potential cost-efficiencies in terms of sample design and mapping. This method is also applicable for mapping in the case in which no ground data can be collected in some parts of a study area because of the high cost. The method was validated in a case study in which a ground and vegetation cover factor was sampled and mapped for monitoring soil erosion. The results showed that when the sample obtained with three strata using the developed method was used for sampling and mapping the cover factor, the sampling cost was greatly decreased, although the error of the map was slightly increased compared to that without stratification; that is, the sample cost-efficiency quantified by the product of cost and error was greatly increased. The increase of cost-efficiency was more obvious when the cover factor values of the plots within the no-significant-change stratum were updated by a model developed using the previous observations instead of remeasuring them in the field.     

高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用分类

高分辨率遥感影像在我国土地利用动态监测中展现出良好的应用前景,但与此相关的关键技术问题亟待解决.结合Ikonos影像,分析高分辨率遥感影像的特点,并在我国土地利用现状类型划分的基础上,针对高分辨遥感影像土地利用分类这一关键技术问题,概述常规分类方法,提出一套适宜高分辨率遥感影像土地利用分类的技术路线.     

皖南生态旅游资源及其开发构想

本文分析了皖南生态旅游资源的优势特征,提出了组建皖南生态旅游开发联合体,加强区域旅游形象建议和宣传促销工作,精心设计生态旅游路线等措施。     

浅析景区规划的CIS导入

以南京著名旅游景区玄武湖公园为例,该景区多年来虽经数次数规划和修缮,仍然存在不少问题和不尽人意之处。究其原因,主要是公园定位模糊、布局凌乱、解说系统不完善、旅游环境破坏严重。改善现状的最佳方法是导入ＣＩＳ,进行总体形象规划。作者提出了规划方案以及引入ＭＩ、ＢＩ、ＶＩ等概念和具体作法,为南京玄弄湖景区进一步发展提出了具体实施意见,同时也为其它类似景区的开发和规划提供了科学的参考意见。     

HYDROLOGIC MODELING WITH REMOTELY SENSED DATABASES1

ABSTRACT: An integrated remotely sensed database was used as the basis for a hydrologic and sediment transport modeling effort for an agricultural area of western Puerto Rico. Classified spectral images of airborne radiance data provided ground cover information and were used in conjunction with topographic and soils data to guide model construction and provide input to the water balance and sediment yield simulations. Runoff and sediment discharge from hydrologically homogeneous regions were routed through the drainage network and combined at the basin outlet. The model was used to simulate four years of observed sediment discharge from the basin. Relative contributions to the total sediment yield of forested and agricultural areas were determined and compared.     

环境物探技术在岩溶勘察中的应用及其效果

将高密度电阻率法及工程地震映像法两种环境物探技术同时应用于实际的地质灾害(岩溶)勘察中,结果表明:对于岩溶这样的地质灾害,单一环境物探技术虽然能清楚反映其埋深、规模和发育情况,但各有缺陷。而多种环境物探技术的综合使用,相互补充,将能大大提高岩溶勘察的准确性,提高勘察效果和效率。     

基于TM资料对上海区域热环境特征的分析

为了揭示城市热岛(UHI)形成机制,以TM卫星遥感资料为主要数据源,结合地面自动气象站(AWS)实测的气象资料,利用地表能量平衡参数化(SEBAL)的方法估算了净辐射通量和土壤热通量,分析了上海区域热环境特征.结果表明,TM地表温度与AWS实测地表温度具有较好的一致性;不同类型地表其地表温度差异明显,城市道路是城市中重要热量来源,绿地和水体面积的增加能有效地减轻城市热岛强度,同时也表明了卫星遥感资料在城市气候环境研究中的潜在价值.     

滇西某铁路拟选线路地质灾害遥感解译特征研究

以SPOT-4/5卫星影像为信息源,以ERDA S 8.7软件为处理平台,运用多种图像处理方法对影像进行综合处理,在此基础上对滇西山区某铁路选线勘察进行了实例研究。根据滇西山区地质灾害的分布规律及遥感影像特征,结合地学知识对该线路部分区段的地质灾害进行遥感解译,查明了区段内滑坡、泥石流及崩塌对线路的影响,为该铁路拟选线路的建设提供了科学依据。     

二维砂箱溶质示踪实验的图像分析法

有色示踪剂在砂箱溶质运移实验中有着广泛的应用,因此,本文介绍了一种通过对数字图像进行分析以确定多孔介质中有色示踪剂浓度分布的方法.在实验过程中,通过建立有色示踪剂浓度与图像颜色要素之间的定量关系,从而能够利用数字图像迅速确定某一时刻砂箱内部的示踪剂浓度分布.结果发现,与传统定点采样方法相比,图像分析法可以达到更高的空间和时间分辨率,从而观察到有可能被忽视的重要溶质运移过程,能够为地下水溶质运移实验研究提供了一种经济实用和高空间分辨率的数据采集手段.但由于色彩空间变化范围的限制,图像分析法只能在一定溶质浓度范围内适用.     

高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的走廊问题

采用镜像法实例计算了高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的工频电场和无线电干扰场强，并从电磁环评的角度对输电线路走廊的选择提出了一些建议。