区域理论大气环境容量研究

根据质量守恒原理,综合考虑迁移、扩散、干湿沉降、化学转化等因素,建立了区域理论大气环境容量模型——容量箱模型,对各参数的量化提出了计算式。在考虑自然保护区、风景名胜区等环境敏感区和地形陡峭的山坡不能布置工业企业的情况下,提出了可利用大气环境容量概念。并以乐山市北部地区为例,计算了该区域的SO2理论大气环境容量,为乐山市相关管理部门进行生产力布局提供了宏观导向。     

区域规划环评中大气环境监测点位布设研究

探讨了大气环境监测点位的布设方法,在区域规划环境影响评价布设大气监测点位时,应综合考虑开发区的功能区划分、区内产业分布及环境敏感点分布等情况;结合规划区内外现状及规划实施后重点污染源的位置及排放高度,根据区域污染气象条件,采用Gauss模式预测最大浓度落地点,并以此作为区域大气环境监测点的布设依据.对某区域开发规划案例进行了大气环境监测点位布设研究,通过实践,该布设方法不仅可以反映区域大气环境质量现状的空间分布特征,而且可以为区域大气环境预测提供良好的数据支持,为优化区域规划提供依据;同时,对规划后的污染源最大浓度落地点的监测,可以为单个项目的环境预测提供背景值,起到简化入区建设项目环评的作用.     

三峡库区危险工业废物的现状及清理处置分析

目前，三峡库区沿江堆存有大量的危险废物，这对蓄水在即的长江三峡水利枢纽工程极具威胁，对库区生态环境，水资源及人群的身心健康有潜在的危害性，必须进行全部清理处置。库区堆存的危险废物近1．5万t，种类多，成分复杂，毒性大，清理处置困难。分析了典型危险废物的危害性，同时根据三峡库区库底废物清库要求和规范，结合库区实际情况，提出库区库底堆存危险废物的清理处置方案：危险废物中约578t可进行化学中和稳定化处理，焚烧处理，综合利用等无害化处理，其余不能进行无害化处理的危险废物，在坝前177m水位以上选择合理的地点进行安全，可靠的临时贮存处置，待库区危险废物处理处置中心建成后再进行最终的处理处置。     

三峡库区荔枝,龙眼的适宜性评价与开发利用

荔枝、龙眼等南亚热带水果是三峡库区的特色水果，不论从栽培历史和当地的气候条件看都适宜在库区的川江河谷地段种植；恢复和发展荔枝、龙眼生产的主要技术措施有：加速品种更新改造、搞好种植区划和发展规划以及合理增加投入和加强储藏保鲜技术研究与应用等。     

尼尔基水利枢纽施工干扰区生态环境修复与景观规划设计

大型水利工程的建设无疑为人们的生产生活带来了安全与保障,但其施工对生态环境的破坏同样不可小觑。本文结合尼尔基水利枢纽施工干扰区的实际情况,探讨水利枢纽施工干扰区生态环境修复与景观规划设计的理念与指导思想,从植物选择、水体处理与分区设计3个方面介绍了尼尔基水利枢纽施工干扰区生态环境修复与景观规划设计的主体方案构思。     

Wetland drainage in the Canadian prairies: Nutrient, salt and bacteria characteristics

Intensification of agriculture has led to renewed efforts to drain wetlands throughout North American prairies. It is perceived to threaten downstream ecosystem health through enhancing nutrient, bacteria and salt loading. An experiment was conducted to determine temporal variations in wetland solute storage and export upon drainage. Water quality along seven ditches and five natural spills that form between wetlands was also compared. The experimental wetland acted as a solute storage zone prior to its drainage. Variations in salts and DOC were influenced by hydrological processes, whereas variations in nutrients and bacteria were also influenced by biotic and/or sorption processes. Wetland water quality was an important control of drainage water quality as the wetland ditch acted as a simple conduit. Concentrations of TDN, DOC, HCO₃⁻, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ were higher in ditches than spills. Minimal changes in water quality along ditches and spills occurred, likely due to low spring temperatures that can restrict biotic processing and sorption. Since ditches connect wetlands to streams, they have a greater potential to contribute to downstream solute loading than spills. Wetland drainage efficiency and wetland water quality were deemed the factors critical to determining solute exports via ditches.     

库区滨水城镇设计的生态学方法分析

三峡工程建设引起库区自然水环境的变化,使得在175m以下及临近该水位的个别城镇面临搬迁重建。库区城镇的原有特色是千百年来人类活动与自然环境相适应所形成的,具有三峡库区自身的特点。以生态学的理论为指导,结合现代的规划方法、城市建设技术为传承库区独特的文化和生态遗产,同时可持续地开发利用提供科学的依据和指导。     

基于主成分分析法研究内蒙古环境质量的统计分析

生态环境问题一直以来制约着西部地区的经济发展,内蒙古作为以资源型开发为主要工业结构的自治区在这方面表现尤为突出。为了使内蒙古自治区借助实施西部大开发战略和开展生态环境建设的机会推进环境保护工作的进程,从环境污染和生态破坏角度运用主成分分析法评价内蒙古自治区2005年到2009年间环境质量。通过综合得分分析得出内蒙古环境质量逐年好转,而且环境质量整体优化速率逐年加快,通过主成分分析得到大气污染和工业污染是在不同领域影响自治区环境质量的主导因素,主要归因于内蒙古自治区工业结构以资源能源型为主、沙尘天气频繁出现以及追求经济快速增长所致的环境问题。     

经济韧性与经济高质量发展的关系研究——以长三角地区26个地级市为例

基于熵值法测算得到经济韧性指数和经济高质量发展指数,运用耦合协调模型和多种面板回归模型探究我国长三角城市群经济韧性与经济高质量发展之间的协同关系和影响效应。结果表明:①长三角城市经济韧性和经济高质量发展水平不断提升,表现出"核心—边缘"的空间格局。②二者协同关系呈现稳中有升态势,但核心城市和边缘城市的相对差异逐渐扩大。③经济韧性显著促进经济高质量发展,边缘地区经济韧性对经济质量的作用效果更强。因此,长三角地区要充分发挥中心城市的辐射作用,加强城市内外产业联动发展,以推动经济稳定持续的高质量发展。     

Climate variability,water levels,and fish catch in the Upper East Region of Ghana

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of climate variability on selected water bodies in the Upper East Region of Ghana using time series decomposition and simple linear regression analyses. Data on temperature and rainfall (1960–2015), annual total fish catch (1996–2016), and the recorded water levels (1987–2015) of a major reservoir, the Tono, were used. Time series decomposition analyses were performed on the rainfall, temperature, and water level data to identify their trends. While temperature was increasing, rainfall was decreasing and resulted in a decrease in the water level in the Tono Reservoir. The decreasing water level in the reservoir made fish catch easier, which led to overfishing. Out of the other 39 dugouts studied, 8 (21%) were silted. Also, rainfall was decreasing at 4.4% per decade and minimum and maximum temperatures were increasing at 2.5% and 0.03% per decade, respectively. The minimum, maximum, and mean water levels of the Tono Reservoir were 3.7, 8.0, and 4.9 meters (m), respectively. The water level of the Tono Reservoir was decreasing by ?0.08 m per year. It is concluded that the water level in the Tono Reservoir was continually decreasing as a result of decreasing rainfall and increasing maximum and minimum temperatures. To maintain a much more stable microclimate and decrease the siltation rate of the reservoirs, farmers are advised to stop farming along the banks of water bodies and avoid clearing vegetation. Fishermen are also encouraged to adopt fish farming in enclosed areas within the reservoir to meet the growing protein demands in the Upper East Region of Ghana.