杭州市交通干线空气中挥发性有机物研究

研究了杭州市四季交通干线空气中挥发性有机物分布和浓度特征,得出汽车尾气是市区交通干线空气中挥发性有机物的主要污染来源,且有机物浓度与交通干线繁忙程度成正比,杭州市交通干线空气中挥发性有机物污染以春季最为严重,秋季最轻。     

Regulatory conflict in the Chicago VOC control program

The study analyzes the performance of an innovative cap-and-trade program designed to make cost-effective reductions of an ozone precursor in Chicago and finds that decentralized market incentives were undermined by the continuance of centralized traditional emission point or command-and-control regulation. The study makes two contributions for urban areas considering this regulatory measure: it shows that using two regulatory measures to achieve one emissions reduction goal can undercut cost-effective emissions trading, and it provides a redesign of the market system that coordinates both regulatory measures for cost-effective control and avoidance of trading problems, such as hot spots and inter-temporal spikes.     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0. 104 to 0.372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceedina 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2.7% RSD.     

先进实用挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化技术

介绍了挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化的先进技术及其进展,阐明了最新发展的解吸技术及吸附材料使解吸的时间缩短、效率提高、能耗少和解决难解吸等问题,改进的催化燃烧设备及催化材料则能更有效地净化VOCs及减少二次污染的产生,这些先进的技术及新材料为VOCs治理提供了有效的途径。     

胶合板VOC释放率测量及其对室内环境影响评价

以胶合板为研究对象,采用1m3气候箱模拟室内环境,利用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS),研究胶合板挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的释放规律.同时,对胶合板VOC释放量进行定量分析,依据《室内环境质量评价标准》对该胶合板被利用到室内环境可能造成的污染进行评价.结果表明,在释放初期,各类化合物及TVOC质量浓度较大,后逐渐下降,在第14 d基本稳定,其中以芳香烃类化合物和烷烃类化合物的质量浓度下降最为迅速,第28 d胶合板VOC释放量为稳定值,被用于定量分析胶合板VOC的释放水平.单独使用该胶合板的室内空气质量满足室内空气品质等级的一级标准.同时确定了单位体积空间的室内环境中该胶合板可利用的暴露面积为6m2.     

Volatile organic compound emissions from wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan: legal regulations and costs of control

This study assessed volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in five Taiwanese industrial districts engaged in numerous manufacturing processes, including petrochemical, science-based industry (primarily semiconductors, photo-electronics, electronic products and biological technology), as well as multiple manufacturing processes (primarily pharmaceuticals and paint manufacturing). The most aqueous hydrocarbons dissolved in the wastewater of Taiwanese WWTPs were acetone, acrylonitrile, methylene chloride, and chloroform for the petrochemical districts; acetone, chloroform, and toluene for the science-based districts; and chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons for the multiple industrial districts. The aqueous pollutants in the united WWTPs were closely related to the characteristics of the manufacturing plants in the districts. To effectively prevent VOC emissions from the primary treatment section of petrochemical WWTPs, the updated regulations governing VOC emissions were issued by the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration in September 2005, legally mandating a seal cover system incorporating venting and air purification equipment. Cost analysis indicates that incinerators with regenerative heat recovery are optimal for treating high VOC concentrations, exceeding 10,000ppm as CH(4), from the oil separation basins. However, the emission concentrations, ranging from 100 to 1000ppm as CH(4) from the other primary treatment facilities and bio-treatment stages, should be collected and then injected into the biological oxidation basins via existing or new blowers. The additional capital and operating costs required to treat the VOC emissions of 1000ppm as CH(4) from primary treatment facilities are less than US$0.1 for perm(3) wastewater treatment capacity.     

宁波人为源VOC清单及重点工业行业贡献分析

宁波是我国华东地区的重要工业城市,也是长江三角洲南翼的经济中心.近年来,宁波工业活动的VOC排放及其对空气质量和人体健康的不利影响越来越受到关注.通过收集宁波市各类VOC人为源的活动水平数据,采用"自下而上"的估算方法,建立了宁波地区2010年人为源VOC的排放清单,并进一步分析了宁波市排放VOC的重点工业行业及其贡献大小.研究结果表明,宁波市2010年人为源的VOC排放总量为17.6万t,其中工业源、机动车排放源和居民源是宁波市人为排放VOC的主要来源,分别占总排放量的62.0%、17.2%和15.5%.而在工业源中,合成材料制造业、精炼石油产品制造业是宁波市两个重点VOC排放工业行业,其排放量分别占宁波VOC总量的18.6%和13.1%,反映出石油化工企业对宁波市VOC排放的影响程度.     

VOC的回收与处理技术简介

介绍了几种以VOC废气中回收溶剂的方法，其分析其优缺点和适用范围，对回收有困难或不经济的含VOC废气，建议采用焚烧法或催化燃烧法进行处理。     

中国人为源VOC排放清单不确定性研究

针对采用"排放因子法"构建的中国人为源VOC排放清单,开展了不确定性研究工作.基于排放清单输入信息的准确性和可靠性,构建了活动水平和排放因子的不确定度评估系统,获得了清单输入信息概率密度分布函数.利用Monte Carlo模型将输入信息的不确定度传递到清单的输出值,计算了2005年我国人为源VOC排放概率密度分布函数....     

我国VOC类有毒空气污染物优先控制对策探讨

VOC污染日趋严重,不仅影响环境空气质量,也能直接损害人体健康,我国亟待完善控制对策.研究了美国有毒空气污染物（HAPs）控制体系,针对我国环境管理的特点,提出VOC类有毒空气污染物优先控制对策,供有关部门参考.美国通过清洁空气法案确定有毒空气污染物重点控制名单,采取区域管理和行业重点源控制促其削减,VOC类化合物是城市地区重点控制对象.我国VOC管理和技术基础相对薄弱,应筛选部分污染物进行优先控制,针对这类污染物组分复杂、行业分布广、区域性和过程性强等特点,逐步开展区域污染调查评估,加强累积性风险评估和环境影响后评价管理,抓好突发事件风险防范.