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61.
Müller T Thissen R Braun S Dott W Fischer G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(2):91-97
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Malodorous volatiles derived from the decomposition of biowaste within the process of composting might pose a risk to human health. Different techniques of process engineering have been developed to minimise the burden of malodorous compounds in air possibly affecting compost workers and residents in the vicinity. METHODS: In the present study, three different composting facilities were examined for the emission of volatiles to estimate the impact of process engineering on the dispersal of odorous compounds and to discuss its relevance for human health. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Concentrations of single compounds belonging to alcohols, ketones, furanes, sulfur-containing compounds and especially terpenes ranged from 10(2) up to nearly 10(6) ng/m3 depending on the sampling sites and the process engineering. The ratio of MVOC and total VOC measured changed throughout the process of biodegradation. A certain combination of volatile compounds coincided with the occurrence of typical compost odour. CONCLUSION: The type of process engineering seemed to have a major impact on the emission of volatiles, as amounts of (microbial) volatiles emitted were characteristic for the different techniques used. Thus, the MVOC emission basically depends on the degree of biodegradation. It is likely that the concentrations workers are exposed to can have an impact on human health. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: It is obvious that less sophisticated types of process engineering give rise to greater amounts of bioaerosols and volatiles and, therefore, technical devices have to be improved and controlled regularly to minimise adverse health effects on workers. 相似文献
62.
国家半导体行业VOC排放标准制订研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着近年来我国半导体产业的持续繁荣发展,中国已成为全球半导体制造增长最为迅速的市场。为有效控制监管半导体生产过程中大量使用的各种有机溶剂所产生的废气中可挥发性有机物(VOC)的排放,加强行业污染控制,规范行业环境保护管理工作,对制订半导体行业VOC排放标准进行了研究。概述了半导体行业VOC排放的特点。分析了该行业对VOC排放的治理技术。阐述了美国和中国台湾地区有关半导体行业VOC废气的排放标准。从国内半导体企业VOC治理现状、现有监测技术、VOC排放管理方式等方面探讨了我国半导体行业VOC废气排放标准的制定思路。 相似文献
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成都市工业源重点VOC排放行业排放清单及空间分布特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以2013年为基准,采用排放系数法对成都市区域范围内工业源的VOC排放进行了核算,利用GIS工具构建成都市1 km×1 km网格化排放清单,分析了VOCs的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:2013年成都市工业源VOC排放总量为(5.77±3.35)×10~4t,其中溶剂使用源排放(3.09±4.93)×10~4t,工艺过程源排放(2.35±3.82)×10~4t,化石燃料燃烧源排放(0.21±0.61)×10~4t,生物质燃烧源排放(0.12±0.48)×10~4t.从工业源VOC排放的空间分布特征上看,都江堰、郫县、温江和崇州是最主要的贡献区县,涉及的排污企业类型主要包括钢铁、化工和水泥行业. 相似文献
65.
焦炭填料生物滤床净化VOC研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用焦炭为填料的生物滤床降解苯乙烯废气,试验过程中对焦炭进行循环挂膜,发现焦炭对苯乙烯这样的挥发性有机物(VOC)初期以吸附作用为主,随着生物膜的长成生物降解作用逐渐占有优势,表现为对苯乙烯的去除效率稳定在35%-55%左右。 相似文献
66.
建设项目环保验收监测中的VOC问题分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
针对当前验收监测工作中遇到的VOC监测中存在概念不清、无相关技术规范等实际问题,文章从VOC的概念、污染源类别、采样方法和监测分析技术等方面进行了详细的阐述,对于指导该类化合物的监测和环境影响评价的工作具有很好的指导作用。 相似文献
67.
Uncertainty Assessment of Voc Emissions from Paint in the Netherlands Using the Nusap System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We demonstrate an innovative approach to uncertainty assessment known as the NUSAP system, to assess qualitative and quantitative uncertainty for the case of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from paint in The Netherlands. Using expert elicitation, we identified key sources of error, critical assumptions, and bias in the monitoring process. We assessed pedigree and probabilistic uncertainty of all input quantities. We used four pedigree criteria to assess the strength of the knowledge base: proxy representation, empirical basis, methodological rigour and degree of validation. Using Monte Carlo analysis, we assessed sensitivity and propagation of uncertainty. Results for sensitivity and pedigree were combined in a NUSAP Diagnostic Diagram, which effectively highlighted the assumption for VOC percentage of imported paint as the weakest spot in the monitoring of VOC emissions. We conclude that NUSAP facilitates systematic scrutinization of method and underlying assumptions and structures creative thinking on sources of error and bias. It provides a means to prioritise uncertainties and focus research efforts on the potentially most problematic parameters and assumptions, at the same time identifying specific weaknesses in the knowledge base. With NUSAP, nuances of meaning about quantities can be conveyed concisely and clearly, to a degree that is not possible with statistic methods only. 相似文献
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