植物角质层的蜡质组分对甲萘酚的吸附作用

采用批量平衡法,比较研究了苹果角质结合蜡质、分离蜡质和重建蜡质对极性有机污染物甲萘酚的吸附作用,并探讨了不同负载量的重建蜡质的吸附性能,以期为准确预测有机污染物在不同状态蜡质组分上的吸附行为提供依据.结果表明,甲萘酚在苹果角质层、脱蜡角质层、分离蜡质(IW)、重建蜡质(BW)上的等温吸附线呈非线性,符合Freundlich方程.植物蜡质对甲萘酚的吸附作用与蜡质所处状态密切相关,吸附能力(Koc)大小顺序为:重建蜡质(321.2) > 分离蜡质(190.4) > 角质结合蜡质(128.4),表明植物角质层进入土壤后发生演化过程中,其中不易降解的蜡质的吸附能力逐渐增大.重建蜡质(BW)的吸附系数(Kd)与甲萘酚的浓度呈负相关,与蜡质的负载量呈正有关.在低浓度时,甲萘酚的有机碳标化吸附系数Koc值随有机碳含量(foc)增大先增大后减小,存在一些强的特殊作用;而高浓度时, Koc-基本为一常数,不随蜡质负载量而变化,主要吸附机理为分配作用.角质结合蜡质(CW)对角质层的总吸附作用的贡献较小,但随甲萘酚平衡浓度的增大而逐渐增大,并于高浓度时, CW的吸附能力与IW相当.     

河台金矿矿山土壤-植物系统微量元素地球化学和生物地球化学特征

在广东省河台金矿矿山采取土壤、植物样品,并对其中的微量元素含量采用ICP-MS法测定,研究了金矿矿山土壤、植物的根、茎、叶微量元素地球化学和生物地球化学特征。结果表明:在成矿和表生地球化学过程中金矿土壤各层的微量元素发生迁移和分异,在表土层和心土层含量高于底土层;土壤各剖面层中Au及Au的伴生元素As、Hg、Cu、Pb明显高于背景对照区和中国土壤背景值;植物体内微量元素的含量特征受所处土壤环境影响,同时表现出每种植物独特的生物地球化学特征和对金矿环境的耐性机制;运用微量元素的生物吸收系数和生物转移系数表征植物对微量元素的吸收富集能力以及在各个器官的迁移状况。     

Nest site selection and induced response in a dominant arboreal ant species

It is well known that arboreal ants, both territorially dominant species and plant ants (e.g., species associated with myrmecophytes or plants housing them in hollow structures), protect their host trees from defoliators. Nevertheless, the presence of an induced defense, suggested by the fact that the workers discovering a leaf wound recruit nestmates, is only known for plant ants. Based on the results from a field study, we show here (1) that colonies of Azteca chartifex, a territorially dominant, neotropical arboreal ant species, mostly selected Goupia glabra (Goupiaceae) trees in which to build their principal carton nests and (2) that plant signals induced workers to recruit nestmates, which patrol the leaves, likely providing the plant with a biotic defense. Furthermore, the number of recruited workers was clearly higher on G. glabra, their most frequently selected host tree species, than on other tree species. These results show that contrary to what was previously believed, induced responses are also found in territorially dominant arboreal ants and so are not limited to the specific associations between myrmecophytes and plant ants.     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫设施脱硫效率计算方法的探讨

为准确评估燃煤电厂脱硫设施在实际运用中的脱硫效率,根据目前脱硫效率的三种计算方法在实际运用中的问题,并应用燃煤电厂的实测数据,对比了三种方法计算得出脱硫效率的相对误差。结果表明：根据折算浓度评估脱硫效率,综合考虑了烟气泄漏对计算脱硫效率的影响,并且不受烟气旁路排放等因素影响,理论上和实践中都可以得到准确的脱硫效率。     

Effect of rhizosphere on soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene biodegradation

To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did.     

我国火电厂脱硫技术的发展及应用现状

我国电力生产以火力发电为主,是废气污染物SO2的主要排放源之一。随着我国最新的《火电厂大气污染物控制排放标准》和《大气污染防治法》的颁布实施,国内对SO2的排放控制日趋严格。本文综述了目前我国火电厂脱硫技术的发展及应用现状,同时也指出了今后我国火电厂脱硫技术需要加强的主要方面。     

炼油厂设备检修期间污水处理装置运行探讨

针对炼油厂大检修期间污水处理装置正常运行的主要经验进行总结,可为同类装置设备提供参考。     

纳板河保护区野生药用植物资源研究

通过采取走访村民、野外实地调查、采集标本、拍摄实物、专家鉴定相结合的方法,初步调查清楚了纳板河保护区现有野生药用植物173科、457属、584种,在对这些野生药用植物的多样性、药用部位、使用方法、功效、利用现状、存在问题进行分析后,提出该保护区野生药用植物资源保护和可持续利用的建议。     

炼油污水气浮絮凝处理中试

气浮絮凝是炼油污水处理工艺中重要的一步 ,它是确保炼油污水生化处理顺利运行的关键 ,而开发和筛选优良的絮凝剂则又是提高气浮处理效果的保证。采用无机—有机复合絮凝剂进行炼油污水的中试试验 ,通过一系列条件试验 ,确定了复合絮凝剂投药剂量、投药间隔时间和投药方式 ,取得了令人满意的试验效果 ,CODCr的去除率 5 5 % ,石油类去除率 >75 % ,为后续的生化处理提供了合格的水质     

厌氧-混凝工艺处理造纸厂终端废水试验研究

本文报告了用厌氧 -混凝工艺处理造纸厂终端废水的实验情况 ,在最佳实验条件下 ,废水从CODcr80 6 . 7m g/ L、BOD52 10 . 5 m g/ L、SS2 15 . 7m g/ L、OD4 650 . 35 0降至 CODcr6 1. 5 m g/ L、BOD52 7. 4m g/ L、SS17.3mg/ L、OD4 650 .0 11。实验结果表明对造纸厂终端废水的治理 ,本工艺是很有实用价值的一种方法