稳定同位素追踪水体中的氮来源的研究现状

氮是水体中的主要污染物之一。近几十年来,随着工农业的发展,使得水体中氮的污染呈上升趋势,并在今后可能会持续,最根本的解决方法是找到源头,从根本上切断污染途径以达到消除氮源的污染。在查阅相关文献的基础上,阐述了水中用同位素追踪研究氮的来源的研究进展和存在的问题,对于评价氮的污染现状、污染控制和环境管理具有十分重要的意义。     

固城湖水环境污染状况与来源分析

对2001~2011年固城湖水环境污染状况评价与时空变化特征分析的基础上,探讨了固城湖的特征污染物及污染来源。结果表明,固城湖水质污染的主要超标因子为TN和TP;总体水质呈现先恶化再改善的趋势,污染由拦河网水域向小湖区水域扩散;固城湖湖体水质基本上劣于水环境功能区划要求;固城湖特征污染物为COD+M n、NH4-N、TN、TP、BOD 5;富营养化程度不断加重,之后又有所改善;氮磷污染的主要来源是水产养殖污染。     

RMBR、SMBR、HMBR在中水回用中的应用研究

近年来,随着人们对废水处理和中水回用技术逐渐重视,一种将传统生物处理技术与膜分离技术结合起来的MBR工艺受到青睐。本文通过对RMBR、SMBR、HMBR应用原理及优缺点的分析。为实际应用提供参考。     

生物质絮凝剂在水处理中的应用研究进展

在水处理中,絮凝剂必不可少且种类繁多,现以无机及有机高分子絮凝剂使用最为广泛。但随着大众对于环境及水健康的关注度增大,其二者的毒性及难降解性使得大家将目光转向可实现无污染排放的绿色化絮凝剂-生物质絮凝剂。笔者在此就综述应用价值较高的几类生物质絮凝剂的研究进展,以期为理论研究和工程实践提供指导。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中阿特拉津

建立了简便、快速、有效的分散液液微萃取(DLLME)-气相色谱/质谱技术萃取水样中痕量阿特拉津的新方法。通过试验确定最佳萃取条件。     

动力风泵房循环水余热回收方案设计

介绍了动力风泵房每年有大量的工业余热为没经过处理直接排放,造成能源的浪费,以及其解决的思路:利用水源热泵吸收动力风泵房中产生的余热来加热水源,变成洗浴用水,从而达到节能减排的目的.     

秩相关系数及其在蒲石河水质分析中的应用

系统介绍了秩相关系数的计算、检验及Excel计算模式,为环境质量报告书的编制及水质趋势变化分析提供了更加方便的方法。     

Application of fish index of biological integrity (FIBI) in the Sanmenxia Wetland with water quality implications

Long-term changes of fish biotic integrity in the Sanmenxia Wetland,North China,since the 1950 s were assessed using the fish index of biological integrity（FIBI）. The water and sediment quality was evaluated by the water quality index（WQI） and sediment pollution index（SPI）. The results showed that FIBI continuously decreased from 46 to 20 during the past 5 decades,which indicated that the fish community state shifted from fair to very poor conditions,and damming by itself did not affect the fish biotic integrity. At the same time,WQI fell from 83 to 44.1,and SPI increased from 0.99 to 2.14 since the 1960 s,resulting from fast regional socio-economic development and insufficient wastewater treatment. Correlation analysis suggested that water quality significantly affected biotic integrity（r = 0.867,p 〈 0.05） through direct effects on the fish community. As a representative example of many wetlands in North China,our study clearly demonstrated that the biological integrity was degraded,induced both by water quality deterioration and sediment pollution,further driven by the contradiction between rapid development of regional economy and lagging development of sewage treatment facilities,which were thought to be the main factor responsible for the degradation of biological integrity.     

Stakeholder Perceptions of Scientists: Lake Tahoe Environmental Policy from 1984 to 2001

What factors explain stakeholders’ perceptions of scientists in environmental politics? Questionnaire data are used to examine stakeholders’ views of scientific experts in the context of Lake Tahoe environmental policy from 1984 to 2001. Stakeholders’ perceptions of scientists have remained the same over time – despite a shift from adversarial to collaborative policymaking and after decades of mounting scientific evidence showing water quality declines. On average, stakeholders perceive scientists with limited influence on Lake Tahoe environmental policy and view them with mixed levels of skepticism. Stakeholders’ evaluation of scientists is best explained by their beliefs about development versus the environment. Stakeholders in favor of more land development express distrust of scientists and negatively evaluate university researchers and consultants. Stakeholders in favor of environmental protection are more likely to trust scientists and positively evaluate university researchers and consultants.     

Implementing the Water Framework Directive: Contract Design and the Cost of Measures to Reduce Nitrogen Pollution from Agriculture

The performance of different policy design strategies is a key issue in evaluating programmes for water quality improvement under the Water Framework Directive (60/2000). This issue is emphasised by information asymmetries between regulator and agents. Using an economic model under asymmetric information, the aim of this paper is to compare the cost-effectiveness of selected methods of designing payments to farmers in order to reduce nitrogen pollution in agriculture. A principal-agent model is used, based on profit functions generated through farm-level linear programming. This allows a comparison of flat rate payments and a menu of contracts developed through mechanism design. The model is tested in an area of Emilia Romagna (Italy) in two policy contexts: Agenda 2000 and the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform. The results show that different policy design options lead to differences in policy costs as great as 200–400%, with clear advantages for the menu of contracts. However, different policy scenarios may strongly affect such differences. Hence, the paper calls for greater attention to the interplay between CAP scenarios and water quality measures.