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61.
62.
Edward F. PeltierSamuel M. Webb Jean-François Gaillard 《Advances in Environmental Research》2003,8(1):103-112
The fate and bioavailability of pollutant metals is important to the long-term health of freshwater wetland systems, particularly in areas with elevated background levels of trace metals. Precipitation of some authigenic mineral phases in wetland sediments can potentially limit metal bioavailability through sequestration in low-solubility compounds, such as metal sulfides. Zinc and Pb concentrations were analyzed in water, plant and sediment samples taken from a metal-contaminated wetland in Chicago, IL, USA in order to assess metal fate and bioavailability, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted to determine zinc speciation in the wetland sediments. The results showed sequestration of metal into the pond sediments, most likely in iron precipitate phases. In surface sediments, re-release of Zn and Pb into pore waters was correlated with microbial iron reduction, while the presence of sulfide in anoxic pore waters corresponded to decreased dissolved concentrations of both elements. Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data confirmed that sulfide compounds dominated zinc speciation throughout the sediment. Uptake of trace metals in Phragmites plants was limited primarily to plant roots, while concentrations of both Pb and Zn in aquatic vegetation were significantly elevated, representing a potential bioaccumulation hazard. 相似文献
63.
Integrating wetlands and riparian zones in river basin modelling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wetlands, and in particular riparian wetlands, represent an interface between the catchment area and the aquatic environment. They control the exchange of water and related chemical fluxes from the upper catchment area to surface waters like streams and lakes. Their influence on water and nutrient balances has been investigated mainly at the patch scale. In this study an attempt was made (a) to integrate riparian zones and wetlands into eco-hydrological river basin modelling, and (b) to quantify the impacts of riparian wetland processes on water and nutrient fluxes in a meso-scale catchment located in the northeastern German lowland. The investigation was performed by analysing hydro-chemical field data and applying the eco-hydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model), which was extended to reproduce the relevant water and nutrient flows and retention processes at the catchment scale in general, and in riparian zones and wetlands in particular. The main extensions introduced in the model were: (1) implementation of daily groundwater table dynamics at the hydrotope level, (2) implementation of water and nutrient uptake by plants from groundwater in riparian zones and wetlands, and (3) assessment of nutrient retention in groundwater and interflow. The simulation results indicate that wetlands, though they represent relatively small parts of the total catchment area, may have a significant impact on the overall water and nutrient balances of the catchment. The uncertainty of the simulation results is considerably high, with the main sources of uncertainty being the model parameters representing the geo-hydrology and the input data for land use management. 相似文献
64.
Athanasios Ragkos Asimakis Psychoudakis Argiro Christofi Alexandros Theodoridis 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(4):193-200
This study proposes the valuation of wetland functions as an alternative to the conventional approach to wetland valuation, in order to derive indicators for decision-making in wetland management. It is illustrated that these functions can be valuated in terms of the goods and services they provide to society. Using a functional approach, the functions are identified and the goods and services they provide are explicitly allocated among them; then, the latter are valuated with the Contingent Valuation method. Statistical analysis of the data provides welfare measures that reflect the value of these functions. It is argued that the values of separate functions are more useful in policy-making than their aggregated value.
相似文献
Athanasios RagkosEmail: Phone: +30-2310-998826Fax: +30-2310-998828 |
65.
Weichuan Qiao Rong Li Tianhao Tang Achuo Anitta Zuh 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(2):20
66.
构建湿地去除酞酸酯的基质微生物和酶机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着塑料制品的广泛使用,酞酸酯的污染越来越引起人们的广泛关注。目前,DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)和DEHP(邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯)已成为全球最普遍的污染物之一。报告了复合垂直流构建湿地对含酞酸酯(DBP等)的污水污染的去除效果,以及湿地去除酞酸酯的基质微生物和酶方面的净化机理。具体结果如下:复合垂直流构建湿地对酞酸酯污染具有较好的净化效果,去除率高达99.9%以上;构建湿地对酞酸酯的净化主要发生在氧气含量相对较多的下行流池,上行流他的净化作用相对较差;同时分层实验还发现,构建湿地的净化作用主要集中在湿地上层基质中。通过研究,为进一步研究利用构建湿地处理酞酸酯污染提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
67.
Klemas VV 《Environmental management》2001,27(1):47-57
Advances in technology and decreases in cost are making remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) practical and attractive for use in coastal resource management. They are also allowing researchers and managers to take a broader view of ecological patterns and processes. Landscape-level environmental indicators that can be detected by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and other remote sensors are available to provide quantitative estimates of coastal and estuarine habitat conditions and trends. Such indicators include watershed land cover, riparian buffers, shoreline and wetland changes, among others. With the launch of Landsat 7, the cost of TM imagery has dropped by nearly a factor of 10, decreasing the cost of monitoring large coastal areas and estuaries. New satellites, carrying sensors with much finer spatial (1-5 m) and spectral (200 narrow bands) resolutions are being launched, providing a capability to more accurately detect changes in coastal habitat and wetland health. Advances in the application of GIS help incorporate ancillary data layers to improve the accuracy of satellite land-cover classification. When these techniques for generating, organizing, storing, and analyzing spatial information are combined with mathematical models, coastal planners and managers have a means for assessing the impacts of alternative management practices. 相似文献
68.
Potential of the Conservation Reserve Program to control agricultural surface water pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher L. Lant 《Environmental management》1991,15(4):507-518
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), initiated by the Conservation Title of the Food Security Act of 1985, is the primary
federal program to control nonpointsource pollution in agricultural watersheds of the United States. However, the program
is designed primarily to reduce soil erosion rather than to retire croplands in a manner optimal for controlling runoff of
sediment and associated pollutants. This study estimates potential enrollment of streamside and floodplain croplands in this
ten-year retirement program in order to gauge the potential of the CRP as a water-quality improvement policy. A contingent
choice survey design was employed in Fayette County, Illinois, to demonstrate that there is substantial potential for retirement
of streamside and floodplain croplands in the CRP. Enrollments in each program climb from less than 6% to over 83% of eligible
croplands as the annual rental rate is increased from $20 to $200/acre. Potential retirement of streamside and floodplain
croplands declines, however, if tree planting, drainage removal, or a 20-year contract are required. The potential of a CRP-based
water-quality program to improve water quality and aquatic ecosystems in agricultural watersheds is thus substantial but constrained
by the economic trade-offs that farmers make between crop production and conservation incentives in determining the use of
their riparian lands. 相似文献
69.
Wetlands constitute a significant source of life since they incorporate unique habitats with endemic and migrant species. They also contribute to the preservation of high global biodiversity and they are under protection according to EU legislation. Nevertheless, during the last century, significant degradation has been observed in wetlands, mainly due to intensification of agriculture and poor water management practices. Calcareous fens habitat with the endangered species Cladium mariscus and Carex spp. is an ecologically significant wetland that undergoes great ecological stresses globally, due to the irrational use of water resources. In Trichonis lake, Western Greece, this habitat has been under deterioration during the last 50 years due to the lack of a sustainable water management plan that has caused destabilization of the hydrologic balance and high water level fluctuations. This human induced hydrologic regime has led to seasonal shifting between drought and flooding which constitute unfavorable conditions for this fen habitat and as a result significant elimination of this ecosystem extent has occurred. This study has adopted technologically advanced scientific methods such as GIS applications and remote sensing techniques to quantify the existing water resources and formulate a sustainable management scheme by considering both anthropogenic water uses and environmental protection. 相似文献
70.
Frederick Steiner Scott Pieart Edward Cook Jacqueline Rich Virginia Coltman 《Environmental management》1994,18(2):183-201
The protection of wetlands and riparian areas has emerged as an important environmental planning issue. In the United States,
several federal and state laws have been enacted to protect wetlands and riparian areas. Specifically, the federal Clean Water
Act includes protection requirements in Sections 301 and 303 for state water quality standards, Section 401 for state certification
of federal actions (projects, permits, and licenses), and Section 404 for dredge and fill permits. The Section 401 water quality
state certification element has been called the “sleeping giant” of wetlands protection because it empowers state officials
to veto or condition federally permitted or licensed activities that do not comply with state water quality standards. State
officials have used this power infrequently. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of state wetland
and riparian programs. Contacts were established with officials in each state and in the national and regional offices of
key federal agencies. Based on interviews and on a review of federal and state laws, state program effectiveness was analyzed.
From this analysis, several problems and opportunities facing state wetland protection efforts are presented. 相似文献