贵州施秉云台山白云岩类型、碳氧同位素组成及沉积环境

云台山景区位于贵州省东部的施秉县,是世界自然遗产提名地,发育白云岩喀斯特地貌。景区白云岩不仅是形成景观的物质基础,而且蕴含着丰富的岩石学、沉积学及地球化学信息。景区白云岩为准同生成因,岩石类型多样,主要有粉-微晶白云岩、不等晶白云岩、细-粉晶藻砂屑白云岩、层纹-条纹-条带-薄层状藻砂屑微-泥晶白云岩、亮-泥晶藻鲕粒藻砂屑白云岩及角砾状泥晶白云岩等6类。白云岩的δ13 C值变化在-1.81‰~1.44‰之间,平均值-0.78‰;δ18 O值变化在-7.39‰~-4.1‰之间,平均值-5.11‰。白云岩的沉积构造,既有层理构造,也有层面构造。层理构造主要有水平层理和水平条带层理,层面构造有对称波痕、不对称波痕及叠置波痕。景区白云岩的类型、结构、沉积构造及碳氧同位素组成特点所反映的沉积环境为局限碳酸盐台地,其水体较浅,但咸化程度高,水动力强度弱-中等。     

“十一五”期间昌黎县环境空气质量变化分析及建议

＂十一五＂期间,昌黎县采取多项措施进行环境空气综合整治,城区环境空气质量持续改善,但还存在绿化水平低,废气处理设施落后,机动车尾气污染,城市建设带来的扬尘污染以及环保机构监管力量薄弱等因素。为了进一步改善环境空气质量,针对上述问题从提高绿化水平,深入开展大气污染源治理,控制机动车尾气污染和扬尘污染,加强环境监管等方面提出了切实可行的防治对策及建议。     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions in Liaozhong County of Liaoning Province,Northeast China

The chemical characteristics of precipitation were analyzed based on the chemical composition of principal ionic within acid rain（from February 2007 to January 2008）of Liaozhong Meteorological Station located in Malong Village in Liaozhong County of Northeast China,meteorological conditions on the corresponding period ground,and variation of several air pollutants concentration.The results indicated that:（1）The precipitation average pH value of all samples was4.76;the frequency of acid rain during the observation period was 70.7%;the frequency was 82.8%in summer and autumn.（2）In the chemical composition of precipitation,the primary anions were SO₄^2-and NO₃^-;the primary cations were NH₄⁺and Ca²⁺.（3）All concentration of anions was higher in summer and winter,but relatively low in spring and autumn.This showed that the relationship between regional rainfall acidification and pollution was not significant.（4）Rainwater acidity and nearly floor gaseous pollution concentration were different from each other,and pH and NO_x,CO,NO₂ and O₃concentrations showed significant negative correlation,but was not obvious with SO₂ concentration.However,the pH and alkaline pollutants,such as particulate,was positively correlative.     

桓仁岩堆地貌特征与属性初探

在建的田师傅-桓仁铁路途经过桓仁地区,发现一种奇特的地貌景观——岩堆。围绕岩堆地貌的特征及成因开展了野外调查,并进行了遥感解译。结果表明:岩堆属于冰缘地貌的一种类型,是古石河或石海;岩堆发育区与震旦系下统钓鱼台组地层分布区有对应关系;钓鱼台组地层岩性为厚层石英砂岩,发育节理裂隙,有利于冻融风化形成岩堆,且耐化学风化,有利于长久保留至今。桓仁岩堆的深入认识,不仅对涉及岩堆的工程建设有实际指导意义,也有助于丰富本溪国家地质公园的内容,推动特色景观的建设。     

Analysis of Soil and Water Balance on the Land Arrangement Function

The natural supply of land resources is limited, but the economic supply may change along with social and economic development, and its size is decided bye nature and social and economic body conditions. When the supplying ability of land resources threatens the development of society and the conflict between people and land becomes tense, it forced people to im- prove land utilization and to increase the effective supply of land resources. The paper made an overall consideration on the characteristics of the irrigated farming and the frail ecological environment in Fuhai County, Altay Area, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region and explored land arrangement planning as well as water resource planning and environmental protection. The paper evaluated natural resources, land utilization and water resource of the case study areas and focused on the spatio-temporal balance between the utilization of water and land resources. In the end the paper a feasible plan was made out for the land arrangement project.     

普定县岩溶洼地的景观格局分析

岩溶洼地是我国西南地区典型的岩溶地貌类型之一,是国家进行环境治理和扶贫的重点区域。采用GIS与景观格局指数分析相结合的方法,对贵州省普定县岩溶洼地景观空间格局进行研究。依据各洼地斑块的面积大小,将洼地分成大型、中型和小型洼地3类。选取斑块数、斑块密度、面积周长分维数、平均临近指数、蔓延度指数、连接度指数、聚集度指数、散布与并列指数、Shannon多样性指数等9类景观格局指数,从整体景观水平和斑块类型水平这两个方面对岩溶洼地景观格局进行了分析。研究结果表明:普定县的洼地集中分布在南部和西北部;从总体景观水平上来看,景观受干扰的程度较大,结构比较复杂,类型比较丰富,异质性较强,整体景观分布较为离散,但各景观类型分布较为聚集;从斑块类型水平上来看,洼地景观类型相比非洼地景观类型、小型洼地景观类型相比大型洼地景观类型均呈现出斑块数多、破碎化程度高、聚集度略低、受自然条件制约程度高的特点。