基于核校准和SVM的煤矿安全组织管理因素分析

组织管理因素与煤矿安全生产密切相关。该文从人的管理、组织机构管理、企业环境管理、现场及技术管理四个方面详细分析了煤矿组织管理中的主要影响因素,提出一种基于核校准和支持向量机（SVM）的组织管理安全评价等级预测方法,构建了影响因素形成的输入空间到评价等级空间的非线性映射,并详尽分析了组织管理的安全评价等级与各影响因素的关联关系。在此基础上,本文深入研究煤矿安全中各组织管理因素的作用规律,并探讨了相应的预防措施与控制方法。实例分析结果表明,该方法能够合理地反映煤矿企业的组织管理安全评价状况,有助于煤矿企业采取相应措施预防或减少安全事故的发生,同时,也为企业提高本质安全管理水平提供了参考,有较强的实用性。     

Required hours of practice for learner drivers: A comparison between two Australian jurisdictions

Problem

This study considers whether requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours while on a learner license affects the amount of hours of supervised practice that they undertake. It compares the amount of practice that learners in Queensland and New South Wales report undertaking. At the time the study was conducted, learner drivers in New South Wales were required to complete 50 hours of supervised practice while those from Queensland were not.

Method

Participants were approached outside driver licensing centers after they had just completed their practical driving test to obtain their provisional (intermediate) license. Those agreeing to participate were interviewed over the phone later and asked a range of questions to obtain information including socio-demographic details and amount of supervised practice completed.

Results

There was a significant difference in the amount of practice that learners reported undertaking. Participants from New South Wales reported completing a significantly greater amount of practice (M = 73.3 hours, sd = 29.12 hours) on their learner license than those from Queensland (M = 64.1 hours, sd = 51.05 hours). However, the distribution of hours of practice among the Queensland participants was bimodal in nature. Participants from Queensland reported either completing much less or much more practice than the New South Wales average.

Summary

While it appears that the requirement that learner drivers complete a set number of hours may increase the average amount of hours of practice obtained, it may also serve to discourage drivers from obtaining additional practice, over and above the required hours.

Impact on Industry

The results of this study suggest that the implications of requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours of supervised practice are complex. In some cases, policy makers may inadvertently limit the amount of hours learners obtain to the mandated amount rather than encouraging them to obtain as much practice as possible.     

重庆市煤矿安全监管监察行政资源整合运行实践

在国家煤炭工业管理体制和全国煤矿安全监察垂直管理体制下,重庆市根据特殊市情和煤炭行业管理、煤矿安全生产实际,对煤炭管理体制进行调整和完善,探索整合煤炭行政资源、优化监察监管机制。2009年设立了市煤炭工业管理局,并实行与垂直管理的市煤矿安全监管局合署办公运行的新机制,通过实践,取得明显成效。同时,结合重庆市煤炭行政管理体制改革的实践,就推进和完善国家煤炭行政管理体制机制提出了改革建议。     

煤矿安全许可管理的思路与探索

为提高煤矿安全许可的时效性、有效性、权威性和可操作性,本文追溯了煤矿安全许可这一概念的产生过程、包含范围和实施目的及意义;剖析了目前煤矿安全许可在实践中面临的困惑,在此基础上,重点介绍了陕西煤监机构对安全生产许可证颁证条件、程序等管理上的突破与创新,对煤矿建设项目安全设施设计审查、安全设施及条件竣工验收管理中新的思路,特别是探索性的做法,这对煤矿安全许可管理有积极的借鉴意义。     

浅谈环境数字化行政处罚裁量基准制度的建立与应用

简述了数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的意义和作用。提出建立数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的基本要求,指出数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度应用中需注意的问题。     

排污交易——一条污染物总量控制的环境管理手段

本文从环境管理的角度，提出了排污效果这种有效控制污染的管理手段，并从国外的经验、国内背景、具体操作程度等方面论证了我国推行排污交易时机已成熟。     

排污费征收中的若干法律问题

本文以国家法律法规为依据,按照引政法原理,对环境监理机构在征收排污费中的行政主体资格、程序要件以及行政处罚等问题,从理论和实践的结合上进行了有益的探讨。     

Provisional license

The Provisional or Intermediate license is the central phase in a comprehensive Graduated Licensing System. Young drivers qualify for a Provisional license by completing their Learners phase, reaching a specified age, and passing a road test. Provisional license holders are allowed to drive unsupervised subject to various restrictions. Typical restrictions include prohibitions against night driving, passengers and alcohol. The goal is to limit teen exposure to risky driving situations during their first few months of licensure, a time when their crash rates are extremely high. States with such restrictions have been shown to have lower teen crash rates than states without. Parents indicate strong support both for Graduated Licensing Systems and for the specific restrictions.     

What we know,what we don't know,and what we need to know about graduated driver licensing

On November 5-7, 2002, the Symposium on Graduated Driver Licensing in Chatham, MA, brought together 75 researchers and practitioners from the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to document the current science of graduated driver licensing (GDL) and to outline research needs. Participants reviewed 12 background papers and discussed the papers in depth. The symposium's background papers are published in this issue of the Journal of Safety Research.This paper summarizes and provides a quick reference to information from the symposium papers and participant discussions. It cites the 12 symposium papers, which in turn provide more information and cite original sources. Issues and recommendations not followed by a citation were raised in the symposium discussions.This paper is divided into seven sections. The first six sections summarize information from the symposium papers and discussions. The sections are: (1) The need for graduated driver licensing; (2) Effectiveness of GDL as implemented; (3) The learner's permit phase; (4) The provisional license phase; (5) The roles of teens, parents, and public agencies; and (6) Enacting and implementing GDL. In each of these six sections, research needs are classified as either high priority (important for designing and implementing effective GDL programs) or lower priority (useful but not critical for GDL at this time).The final section summarizes the discussion of research issues and priorities from the symposium's closing session. This section has three topics: general research, issues involving parents, and issues involving graduated licensing legislation and implementation. It presents participants' collective views on both broad priorities and specific issues.In providing a concise summary of presentations and discussions from the symposium, this paper necessarily omits some information and points of discussion. The views and judgments expressed are the authors' best attempt to capture the symposium's consensus, but they do not necessarily represent the views of the authors, their organizations, or any other individual symposium participant. In particular, they are not necessarily endorsed by the symposium's sponsors: General Motors, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the National Safety Council, and Nationwide.     

长江流域水生态保护利益补偿的法律调控

当前长江流域水生态补偿实践主要以水质、水量和水能三类可量化的流域生态资源开发利用的形态出现,是"流域生态效益补偿"模式,其目标利益是流域整体生态保护效益,通过政策或区域政府间的协议、以财政转移支付为手段完成政府、行政区域单元之间的利益传送,其实质是一种行政治理措施、是基于权力的利益矫正,并没有将该补偿资金精确对应到真正的利益供应主体或受害主体,也就没有完成利益归宿的最终分配。长江流域生态保护利益补偿应当在效益补偿的基础上发展"生态保护产权利益补偿"模式,使生态保护利益从生态效益的结果行为端向原因行为端传递;产权主体特定性的识别,产权利益行为(增益或损益)与流域生态效益的连接,以及涉水产权法定即利益法定是构建长江流域产权利益补偿的法律要素。