Comparison of growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae under different nutrient conditions

This study compared the growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae, namely, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 and Chlorella sp. HQ, under different nutrient conditions. Both algal species obtained the highest biomass, lipid content and lipid yield under low-nutrient conditions （mBGll medium）. The biomass, lipid content and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were 0.42g·L^-1, 22.5% and 93.8mg·L^-1, respectively. These values were relatively higher than those of Chlorella sp. HQ （0.30g·L^-1, 17.1% and 51.3mg·L^-1, respectively）. These algae were then cultivated in an SE medium that contained more nutrients; as a result, the biomass and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 reduced more significantly than those of Chlorella sp. HQ. Opposite results were observed in lipid and triacylglycerols （TAGs） contents. The cell sizes of both algal species under low-nutrient conditions were larger than those under high-nutrient conditions. Chlorella sp. HQ cells did not aggregate, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 cells flocculated easily, particularly under low-nutrient conditions. In summary, low-nutrient conditions favour the growth and lipid production of both algae, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 outperforms Chlorella sp. HQ.     

3种浮床植物生长特性及氮、磷吸收的优化配置研究

选取美人蕉、再力花和千屈菜3种当地常见植物作为研究对象,构建上海市淀山湖富营养化治理生态浮床工程,对3种植物的生长特性、氮磷吸收能力的优化配置进行比较研究.结果表明,成活率为:美人蕉83.33%,再力花83.33%,千屈菜为76.67%.除千屈菜外,其他2种植物基本没有出现病虫害,收割时再力花和美人蕉两种植物的生物量较移栽时均有明显增加,分别为3.65kg/株和2.40kg/株;3种植物对水体TN、TP的吸收能力差异显著(P￡0.05),单位面积磷吸收量排序为美人蕉>再力花>千屈菜;单位面积氮吸收量大小排序为再力花>美人蕉>千屈菜.美人蕉与再力花栽种面积比为4:3时,混作浮床系统比单种美人蕉时磷吸收量低7.72g/m2,但是氮吸收量却高85.42g/m2,所以此种面积搭配的浮床系统能够在保证较高水平磷吸收量的条件下,具有比单种美人蕉的浮床系统更强的氮去除能力;美人蕉与再力花栽种面积比为3:4时,混作浮床系统较单种再力花时氮吸收量降低21.09g/m2,磷吸收量高出7.72g/m2,故此面积搭配的混作浮床系统能够在保证氮吸收量较高的同时,比单种再力花的浮床系统吸收更多的磷.     

浙江省植被物候变化及其对气候变化的响应

基于改进的Savitzky-Golay滤波算法重构了2001-2010年MODIS NDVI时间序列数据,反演了浙江近10 a来的植被生长状况,利用分段多项式拟合和动态阈值法提取了自然植被重要物候期(生长季开始时间、结束时间和生长季长度等),分析了植被物候期的年际变化趋势和空间分异特征,并结合同期气象数据,探讨了植被物候变化与气候变化的关系.主要结论如下:①浙江植被覆盖有所减少,整体下降趋势不显著,平均植被生长季为222 d,长度略有延长,其中开始时间提前趋势不显著,而结束时间推迟显著.②植被生长季为3月下旬至11月中旬,植被生长季的开始时间从北往南逐渐推迟,生长季结束时间相对集中,其中生长季延长的区域面积和缩短的区域面积相当.③气象要素与关键物候期参数的相关性分析表明冬季的热量供给是影响浙江植被生长开始的重要因子,植被生长季前期温度积累的增加有利于植被生长;生长季结束时间与当年温度呈极显著正相关,与当年降水和湿润指数的减少呈负相关,但影响不显著,从与各相关月、季度相关分析来看,秋季干湿程度对植被生长季结束时间影响相对较大.     

Toxicity of cadmium to the green alga Parachlorella kessleri: Producing Cd-loaded algae for feeding experiments

The effects of Cd at environmental concentrations (0–32 µg/L) on the green alga Parachlorella kessleri were investigated. At about 3 µg Cd/L, toxic effects of Cd are becoming evident, much lower than reported previously. At 8 µg/L and higher, pronounced adverse effects on growth, cell morphology, size, and physiological state are seen. Therefore, levels lower than 2 µg Cd/L should be employed to produce Cd-carrying algae for feeding experiments with organisms on the next trophic level, e.g. mussels, to avoid reduced food uptake. These findings also suggest that aquatic ecosystem conditions can be indirectly influenced via the impairment of the nutritional value of algae since they are the basic organisms of aquatic food chains.     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.     

Producing Cu-loaded algae for feeding experiments: effects of copper on Parachlorella kessleri

Microalgae require several essential metals for optimum growth, which at elevated concentrations may interfere with biochemical and physiological processes, one of them being copper (Cu). The aim of this study is to raise Cu-loaded Parachlorella kessleri as feed for mussels. In order to spike the algae with Cu without lowering their nutritional quality, it is important to know the highest Cu-concentration at which the main parameters remain unaffected, especially in respect to proteins and polysaccharides. The dependence of growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll-a and -b, pheophytin-a, protein, and polysaccharide contents on Cu concentrations are determined. The tests show that P. kessleri is largely unchanged in its nutritional value when exposed to Cu at levels of up to 6?µmol?L^?1. Above 10?µmol?L^?1, toxic effects become obvious, with chlorophyll contents and growth rate being the most sensitive indicators.     

Toxicity of endosulfan on growth,photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity in two species of Nostoc (Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc calcicola)

Treatments of the cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc calcicola with the insecticide endosulfan (5, 10, and 20?µg?mL^?1) inhibited growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic, and nitrogenase activities. The sensitivity of N. muscorum to endosulfan was higher than that of N. calcicola. The toxic effect of endosulfan was more pronounced on phycocyanin; however, a considerable reduction in chlorophyll a and carotenoids was also noticed. ¹⁴C-fixation appeared to be more sensitive to the insecticide than photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Endosulfan caused strong inhibition of photosystem (PS) II activity whereas PS I was least affected. The inhibition of PS II activity was partially restored by electron donors (DPC, NH₂OH, and MnCl₂) at low dose of endosulfan. Nitrogenase activity was significantly suppressed in both species by the endosulfan at high dose (20?µg?mL^?1). On the basis of our comparative analysis, N. calcicola was found to be endosulfan resistant and can be used in paddy fields for better productivity under pesticide stress.     

Evaluation of the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A and some of its oxidation products using a micro-scale algal growth inhibition test

A micro-scale algal growth inhibition (μ-AGI) test using a common micro-plate based fluorometric detection was used to demonstrate the effects of humic substances (HSs) on the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its oxidative decomposition products 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DBBQ), 2,5-dibromohydroquinone (2,5-DBHQ), 2,6-dibromobenzoquinone (2,6-DBBQ), and 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6-DBP) to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The EC₅₀ values were: EC_50(TBBPA) = 7 mg L^?1, EC_50(2,5-DBHQ) = 7 mg L^?1, EC_50(2,5-DBBQ) = 19 mg L^?1, EC_50(2,6-DBP) = 49 mg L^?1, and EC_50(2,6-DBBQ) = 13 mg L^?1. The toxicity of the chemicals was slightly lower in the presence of HA. The toxicity of TBBPA decomposed by a biomimetic catalytic system consisting of iron (III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (Fe(III)-TPPS) and KHSO₅ was also evaluated using P. subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.     

基于模拟植物生长算法的快线公共车辆优化调度研究

公共车辆的运营优化调度能够很好的减少城市交通拥堵,缓解交通压力,保证多方面的利益。对乘客高峰期快线公共车辆的调度进行了研究。首先运用了三元组α/β/γ方法对问题进行了描述,将乘客高峰期快线车辆的调度描述为一类以最小化制造期和平均等待时间为目标,具有先入先出原则和机器适用限制的流水车间动态调度问题。并在此基础上建立了相应的数学模型;接着,运用模拟植物生长算法进行了算法设计;最后,用实际数据进行了数值仿真,结果证明该研究具有较高的理论及现实价值。