A new O2-microelectrode and its application

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污染监测浮标的发展及其在海洋环境污染监测中的应用

本文对海洋环境污染监测技术和海洋浮标技术现状的简要综述表明，浮标在海洋环境污染监测中正发挥着重要的作用，它是现代海洋环境污染立体监测网的重要组成部分，积极发展我国海洋污染监测浮标是完全必要的，我国并已具有相应的技术基础。文中着重介绍浮标技术的特点，污染监测浮标及其应用。文章最后对发展我国污染监测浮标的策略和技术路线作了阐述。     

滤波在地震分析中的应用

本文运用MATLAB数字信号处理中的快速Fourier变换,对青海湟源地震台记录的云南大姚6.1级地震的P波和LG波进行频谱分析,找出其优势频率及衰减情况;根据爆破频率、噪声干扰频率和地震频率的不同,运用MATLAB滤波技术设计了Butterworth型低通数字滤波器、Butterworth型高通数字滤波器和Chebyshev I型带通数字滤波器,对库尔勒台的爆破和地震叠加记录做滤炮处理,对湟源台记录的民乐—山丹两个余震进行噪声干扰滤波,爆破、噪声干扰经过滤波器合理滤波后,可以清晰地反映出地震波的真实信息,从而提高台站震相分析和地震波基础理论研究的准确性。     

叶面施硅对水稻籽实重金属积累的抑制效应

采用盆栽方法,以硅酸钠和正硅酸乙酯为硅源分别配制纳米硅制剂,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种"优优128"为供试植物,在Cd(5mg·kg-1、10mg·kg-1、50mg·kg-1三个水平)、Pb(200mg·kg-1)、Cu(250mg·kg-1)、Zn(300mg·kg-1)复合污染土壤进行种植,在水稻生长期内(苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期)进行叶面喷施纳米硅,研究纳米硅对水稻籽实生长状况及吸收重金属元素的影响,并对两种不同硅源的纳米硅的使用效果进行了比较。结果表明,随Cd污染质量分数增加,水稻百粒质量及单株穗质量均显著降低(P<0.01);Cd、Pb、Zn在籽实中质量分数均增高,而Cu在籽实中质量分数降低。金属元素在籽实中的吸收系数顺序为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,表明Cd极易向籽实中迁移。随土壤Cd质量分数增加,水稻籽实中各金属元素的积累量都有所降低。重金属复合污染条件下,叶面施用两种硅制剂均可以缓解水稻的毒害效应,且和施无机硅相比,施有机硅对水稻重金属毒害的缓解效果更显著。表现为叶面施用硅后,水稻百粒质量及单株穗质量均显著提高(P<0.05);且籽实中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的吸收量在喷施硅制剂后均显著降低(P<0.05);籽实中重金属元素的吸收系数和积累量均表现出降低的趋势。尤其是随着Cd处理质量分数的增高,施硅对重金属在籽实中积累的抑制效应越显著。这表明叶面施硅在重金属污染的水稻田污染防治中具有应用价值。文章所用的纳米硅制剂,制备简单,对于大面积推广硅肥极为有利。     

不同农业施肥制度对红壤稻田土壤磷肥力的影响

采用田间定位试验研究了几种不同农业施肥制度对红壤稻田土壤磷肥力的影响．结果表明：（1）在移耕农业、施化学N肥和NK胆施肥制下，农田系统磷素亏缺量大，7年间达140mg/hm2以上，土壤有效磷降低；（2）有机农业和施化学P肥施肥制可促进农田系统磷素平衡，改善土壤供磷状况，提高稻株含磷量和磷累积量；（3）在有权无机结合施肥制下，农田系统土壤磷素盈余量大，7年间共达200mg／hm2以上，并可改善土壤磷组分，增加土壤有效磷含量，促进水稻对磷的吸收．     

烟气脱硫技术的应用研究

概述了国内外烟气脱硫技术的应用现状、脱硫原理及其特点 ,并提出了我国烟气脱硫技术的研究开发方向     

厌氧-好氧生化处理淀粉废水的工程应用

通过邳州市奋达淀粉有限公司的工程实例,介绍了厌氧-好氧生化处理工艺在处理淀粉生产废水中的应用.该工艺具有处理设施运行稳定,处理效果好的优点,系统出水水质满足《污水排放标准》一级标准要求.     

The distribution of chlorpyrifos following a crack and crevice type application in the US EPA Indoor Air Quality Research House

A study was conducted in the US EPA Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Research House to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorpyrifos following a professional crack and crevice application in the kitchen. Following the application, measurements were made in the kitchen, den and master bedroom over 21 days. Airborne concentrations were collected using both polyurethane foam (PUF) and the OSHA versatile sampler composed of XAD and PUF media located in tandem. Measured airborne concentrations were similar for the two samplers and were higher in the three rooms following the application. The highest measured concentrations were reached during the initial 24-h following application; concentrations subsequently declined over the 21-day study period to levels slightly above background. Spatial and temporal distributions onto surfaces were measured using 10-cm² rayon deposition coupons located on the floor. Sections were cut from existing carpet to determine the total extractable residues. Chlorpyrifos was measured from all matrixes in the kitchen, den and bedroom and the data shows the transport of airborne residues from the point of application to remote locations in the house. The findings are compared and discussed relative to another study conducted in which total release aerosols containing chlorpyrifos were activated in the IAQ research house and the resulting distributions evaluated. For both studies dose estimates were constructed for the exposure pathways using the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Estimation Model for pesticides.The United States Environmental Protection Agency has been mandated to examine children's exposure to environmental pollutants such as pesticides. This research specifically reduces uncertainties associated with estimating children's potential exposures to residentially applied pesticides and provides inputs to further evaluate and validate residential exposure models which might be used to reduce exposures and perform risk assessments.     

曝气生物滤池技术研究与应用进展

曝气生物滤池是一种将生物氧化机理与深床过滤机理有机结合的新型污水生物处理技术。本文对曝气生物滤池的工艺原理、工艺特点、工艺形式进行了综合评述,对其在城市生活污水处理中去污效能、启动方式、反冲洗形式及理想填料的应用与最新研究进展进行了详细介绍,尤其对目前曝气生物滤池存在的优点与不足进行了针对性的分析。对曝气生物滤池的运行机理进行深入探讨,并进一步加强对曝气生物滤池与其他工艺组合的优化研究,将完善曝气生物滤池的工艺体系,拓宽其使用范围。因此,曝气生物滤池将在我国污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质.简述了脱离石膏的工业利用,详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理,并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景.