Land application of tylosin and chlortetracycline swine manure: Impacts to soil nutrients and soil microbial community structure

The land application of aged chortetracycle (CTC) and tylosin-containing swine manure was investigated to determine associated impacts to soil microbial respiration, nutrient (phosphorus, ammonium, nitrate) cycling, and soil microbial community structure under laboratory conditions. Two silty clay loam soils common to southeastern South Dakota were used. Aerobic soil respiration results using batch reactors containing a soil-manure mixture showed that interactions between soil, native soil microbial populations, and antimicrobials influenced CO₂ generation. The aged tylosin treatment resulted in the greatest degree of CO₂ inhibition, while the aged CTC treatment was similar to the no-antimicrobial treatment. For soil columns in which manure was applied at a one-time agronomic loading rate, there was no significant difference in soil-P behavior between either aged CTC or tylosin and the no-antimicrobial treatment. For soil-nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate), the aged CTC treatment resulted in rapid ammonium accumulation at the deeper 40cm soil column depth, while nitrate production was minimal. The aged CTC treatment microbial community structure was different than the no-antimicrobial treatment, where amines/amide and carbohydrate chemical guilds utilization profile were low. The aged tylosin treatment also resulted in ammonium accumulation at 40 cm column depth, however nitrate accumulation also occurred concurrently at 10 cm. The microbial community structure for the aged tylosin was also significantly different than the no-antimicrobial treatment, with a higher degree of amines/amides and carbohydrate chemical guild utilization compared to the no-antimicrobial treatment. Study results suggest that land application of CTC and tylosin-containing manure appears to fundamentally change microbial-mediated nitrogen behavior within soil A horizons.     

聚苯硫醚新型滤料的特点及应用

介绍并分析了聚苯硫醚新型滤料的生产工艺及产品性能特点,提出了聚苯硫醚新型滤料在袋式除尘行业中的应用前景。     

A/O生化池和BAF生物滤池的组合应用

较为全面地介绍了A/O生化池和BAF生物滤池两级生化合并的应用原理和效果,对两级生化的进出水水质进行了分析,并对系统运行中存在的问题进行了阐述。     

东莞市大气复合污染自动监测网络应用研究

在大气复合污染日趋严重的形势下,东莞市结合自身实际,经过优化布点、功能定位、总体架构设计、设备选型、子站设计建造、信息管理平台开发等过程,开发建设了多功能、集成化和自动化的大气自动监测网络,并开展了创新、探索性研究。     

基于高职计算机应用专业的动态教学模型研究

结合高职教育的特点和计算机应用专业的教学,提出了"一线、二体、三层、五框架、多考核"的动态教学模型,并从多角度分析了实际教学中应该采取的改革措施,阐明了各个环节的具体做法。     

生物膜技术在生活污水处理中的应用

文章提出应用生物膜技术处理野外施工作业生活污水,并研制了一套一体化污水处理设备,在川东北高含硫天然气项目罗家8井营区试用以及在川东北气矿温泉002-H5井使用。处理后的污水监测指标显示:COD、SS、BOD5、氨氮、大肠菌群和细菌总数等均达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准。该技术的应用有利于解决野外施工作业生活污水污染环境的问题。     

生态塘技术特点及应用实例

用生态塘系统工艺处理石化废水,分析青肯泡石化废水生态处理系统和山东省东营市污水处理与利用生态系统的工程实例。工程运行结果显示:生态塘系统处理石化废水效果显著,出水分别达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级和1A标准,生态塘系统处理石化废水具有投资少、维护和运行费用低、可改善和恢复生态环境等优点,是一种低成本高效益的生态工程技术。     

高效粉煤灰分选系统的设计与应用

粉煤灰分选是一种实用技术,从分选机的原理出发,设计合理的分选机结构,选择合理的系统布置和参数能够保证分选的高效率。文中还着重对分选系统的防磨措施、工艺设计、调节方法、分选效率作了详细的描述。对实际应用项目的设计、安装调试、运行测试等内容做了介绍,并验证了本分选系统的调节手段多样、方便,效率高达85%以上。     

Effects of municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizer amendments on soil properties and heavy metals distribution in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

Soil amendments based on crop nutrient requirements are considered a beneficial management practice. A greenhouse experiment with maize seeds (Zea mays L.) was conducted to assess the inputs of metals to agricultural land from soil amendments. Maize seeds were exposed to a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (50 Mg ha⁻¹) and NPK fertilizer (33 g plant⁻¹) amendments considering N plant requirement until the harvesting stage with the following objectives: (1) determine the accumulation of total and available metals in soil and (2) know the uptake and ability of translocation of metals from roots to different plant parts, and their effect on biomass production. The results showed that MSW compost increased Cu, Pb and Zn in soil, while NPK fertilizer increased Cd and Ni, but decreased Hg concentration in soil. The root system acted as a barrier for Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg, so metal uptake and translocation were lower in aerial plant parts. Biomass production was significantly enhanced in both MSW and NPK fertilizer-amended soils (17%), but also provoked slight increases of metals and their bioavailability in soil. The highest metal concentrations were observed in roots, but there were no significant differences between plants growing in amended soil and the control soil. Important differences were found for aerial plant parts as regards metal accumulation, whereas metal levels in grains were negligible in all the treatments.     

边坡生态防护用灌木植物耐旱性试验研究与应用

本论文针对我国公路各地野生植物资源的开发利用水平还较低的实际情况,低品味的掠夺式索取,严重地影响了野生植物资源的自然更新和可持续利用。通过优选六种野生植物进行试验,对胡颓子(Elaeagnus bockiiD iels)、三颗针(Berberis julianae Schneid)、金丝梅(Hypericum patulum Thum b)、十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei(B ind l)Fedde)、刺梨(Rosa roxburghiiTrau)和火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana(M axim)L i.)等六种野生灌木为研究材料的水分对渗透调节物质,电导率,丙二醛,叶绿素含量,光合性状等影响进行了研究。分析了干旱胁迫下六种野生植物的生理生化指标的变化情况,对六种野生植物抗旱性强弱进行了综合评价,研究成果应用于四川省二郎山至康定段公路,降低了公路绿化后期养护成本。