碳中和趋势下数学模拟在污水处理系统中的发展与综合应用

数学模拟技术在污水处理方面被广泛应用,为了系统总结相关技术,本文回顾了污水处理系统中数学模拟技术的发展历程;综述了活性污泥模型(ASM)与机器学习(ML)在水质预测及参数工况优化领域中的应用;重点探究了污水处理系统中温室气体排放模型,以及多目标优化模型在污水处理系统中温室气体排放(GHG)、出水质量(EQI)和运行成本(OCI)的权衡问题;归纳了数学模拟技术在实现污水厂能量自给与资源回收的应用发展.研究结果表明数学模拟技术能准确预测出水水质、快速优化工艺参数、权衡温室气体排放、出水水质与运行成本之间的关系、以及提高资源回收效率等.因此,数值模拟技术可有效指导污水处理工艺的运行优化以及管理,为污水处理行业减污降碳协同增效提供技术支撑.     

资源型城市可持续发展对碳排放的影响研究——基于资源依赖的视角

基于2003~2018年285个地级市的面板数据,首先使用双重差分模型考察《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划(2013~2020年)》(以下简称《规划》)对碳排放的影响;其次,探究该政策通过资源依赖这一路径对碳排放的影响效果;进一步地,基于城市区域和城市规模两个视角分析该政策通过资源依赖影响碳排放的异质性效果;最后,探究《规划》的空间溢出效应.结果表明《规划》显著地降低了资源型城市的碳排放;机制分析表明,《规划》能够通过降低资源依赖进而减少碳排放,且产业结构升级和技术进步对《规划》的碳减排效应起到了正向调节作用;异质性分析表明,《规划》通过降低资源依赖进而促降碳排放的效果在东､中部地区以及大城市更为明显;《规划》对本地及周边地区均具有显著的碳减排效应.本研究对于在双碳目标下实现中国资源型城市的可持续发展具有重要的政策启示.     

基于可疑筛查技术研究有机磷阻燃剂V6转化规律

运用Orbitrap高分辨质谱仪,评估了人体肝微粒体(HLM)代谢V6的转化规律.除5种已被报道过的O-脱烷基、氧化性去磷酸化和氧化脱氯产物外,首次发现了6种新型产物.基于其MS/MS质谱图,该6种代谢产物被鉴定为醛基和羧基产物.其中,5种代谢物生成量随孵育时间呈线性增加趋势,具有累积性.此外,推导的代谢途径表明,脱烷基化和羟基化代谢物进一步转化为次级代谢物,即醛和羧基代谢物.     

天津市减污降碳协同效应评估与预测

为评估和预测天津市减污降碳协同效应,采用减排量弹性系数法评估减污降碳协同效应,基于STIRPAT模型预测天津市“十四五”期间的减污降碳协同效应,并分情景预测天津市2026~2060年的减污降碳协同效应.结果表明：大气污染当量和温室气体的主要排放源均为工业源;2015~2017年天津市减污降碳协同效应系数范围为0.11~0.26,2013~2014年和2018~2020年天津市的减污降碳协同效应系数均小于0;天津市“十四五”期间减污降碳协同效应系数为0.06;各种情景下,2026~2060年天津市减污降碳协同效应系数均大于0.天津市2011~2020年减污降碳协同效应波动变化,“十四五”时期或可进入减污降碳协同增效阶段.天津市要在2026~2060年实现较高水平的减污降碳协同增效,就需要合理控制城镇化率、人口总数和地区生产总值,增加第三产业比重和高技术比重,持续降低能源强度.     

成渝城市群碳排放时空特征及其影响因素

利用2008~2018年成渝城市群内16个城市的面板数据,运用空间自相关和时空地理加权回归模型,探究了城市群碳排放的时空演变格局,揭示了碳排放影响因素的时空异质性.结果表明,成渝城市群碳排放整体呈增长态势,总量由5亿t增加到6.6亿t,增速约为1500t/a,地均碳排放量和人均碳排放量也存在波动上涨趋势.碳排放总量热点区域集中在成都和重庆,分别占总量约20%和25%,冷点区域为雅安市.碳排放总量和地均碳排放均存在显著的空间差异,人均碳排放的莫兰指数为正,呈现明显的空间聚集格局.整体上,人均碳排放表现出东北低-西南高的空间结构特征,南充,遂宁,广安是低低聚集区域.城市群中各个城市的影响因素显示出时空异质性,能源强度、经济发展水平、人口规模对城市的碳排放都有明显正向作用,在成渝中西部城市作用强度大;而城市化水平的正向影响较弱,对成渝东部城市影响较强.     

基于InVEST-PLUS模型的碳储量空间关联性及预测——以广东省为例

构建土地利用碳储量数据库,基于InVEST模型Carbon模块,得到广东省1990~2020年碳储量时空分布情况.用Moran’s I指数和Getis-Ord Gi^*分析格网尺度下碳储量时空分布特征,用Anselin Local Moran’s I得到LISA集聚图.然后运用PLUS模型和14个土地利用驱动因子预测2050年土地利用及其碳储量分布.结果表明,土地利用变化直接影响区域碳储量高低,林地、草地等具有生态服务功能地类碳密度最高,分别是188.44,329.34Mg/hm².碳储量空间格局整体呈现出中部低、北部高、东西中等的特点.碳储量空间分布特征与土地利用特征一致,碳储量显著高值集聚区域分布在建设用地少、生态用地多且连片的粤北地区,显著低值区域分布在国土开发强度和生态用地破碎化程度高的珠三角地带.在自然发展情景下,到2050年广东省土地利用碳储量将减少4327.21万Mg,随着国土空间进一步开发,环珠江口沿岸城市碳储量持续下降.增加植被生态系统碳储量,是实现碳中和的重要手段之一.要继续维持粤北山区生态保护屏障的重要地位,减缓珠三角城市土地开发强度,提高建设用地集约节约能力,形成平衡协调的土地利用和碳储量格局.     

铁盐浸渍强化污泥活性炭-甲醇热质传递特性

针对以市政污泥为核心的炭素前驱体开展原位铁盐浸渍磁修饰,通过响应曲面试验设计优化并制备了新型原位浸渍炭IM-WNC;以成品炭的后浸渍磁修饰炭PM-WNC为参比,考察了原位浸渍与后浸渍磁修饰过程对污泥活性炭-甲醇工质对的吸附/解吸速率、吸附等温线、吸附床传热性能、制冷量及制冷功率等方面的影响。结果表明:与后浸渍过程相比,原位铁盐浸渍有利于保持污泥炭总孔容积(0.6608cm³/g)及比表面积(1122m²/g)水平,能显著提升致密化污泥炭IM-WNC的导热系数(600kg/m³,4.586W/(m·K))、甲醇Sokoda&Suzuki平衡吸附量((528.74±15.86)mg/g)和Langmuir最大吸附量((673.99±13.52)mg/g)。升温脱附与冷却吸附循环体系内,IM-WNC致密化吸附床中心温度峰谷差值可达到69.07℃。当循环时间为76min,解吸温度为100℃时,IM-WNC吸附制冷床的制冷量和制冷功率分别达到501.43kJ/kg和799.06kJ/(kg·h),较PM-WNC分别提升了15.61%和18.69%。     

Effects of artificially induced complete mixing on dissolved organic matter in a stratified source water reservoir

Naturally complete mixing promotes the spontaneous redistribution of dissolved oxygen(DO), representing an ideal state for maintaining good water quality, and conducive to the biomineralization of organic matter. Water lifting aerators(WLAs) can extend the periods of complete mixing and increase the initial mixing temperature. To evaluate the influence of artificial-induced continuously mixing on dissolved organic matter(DOM) removal performance, the variations of DOM concentrations, optical cha...     

Biofilm-overproducing Bacillus subtilis B12ΔYwcc decreases Cd uptake in Chinese cabbage through increasing Cd-immobilizing related gene abundance and root surface colonization

Biofilm-producing bacteria can decrease Cd uptake in vegetables, but mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly characterized. In this study, two mutant strains B12ΔYwcc and B12ΔSlrR were constructed from a biofilm-producing Bacillus subtilis strain B12. Then, the impacts of strain B12 and its high biofilm-producing mutant strain B12ΔYwcc and low biofilm-producing mutant strain B12ΔSlrR on Cd availability and uptake in Chinese cabbage and the related mechanisms were investigated in the Cd-polluted soil. Strain B12 and its mutants B12ΔYwcc and B12ΔSlrR increased the dry biomasses of edible tissues by 54%–130% compared with the controls. Strain B12 and its mutant B12ΔYwcc reduced the soil available Cd content by 36%–50% and root and edible tissue Cd contents by 23%–50% compared with the controls. Furthermore, the mutant strain B12ΔYwcc reduced the edible tissue Cd content by 40% and increased the polysaccharide content by 23%, invertase activity by 139%, and gene copies of the cumA by 4.5-fold, epsA by 7.1-fold, and cadA by 4.3-fold, which were involved in Cd adsorption in the rhizosphere soils, respectively, compared with strain B12. The polysaccharide content and cumA, epsA, and cadA gene copy numbers showed significantly reverse correlations with the available Cd content. Notably, the mutant strain B12ΔYwcc showed better ability to colonize the vegetable root surface than strain B12. These findings demonstrated that the biofilm-overproducing mutant strain B12ΔYwcc increased the polysaccharide production and Cd-immobilizing related cumA, epsA, and cadA gene copies, resulting in lower Cd availability and accumulation in Chinese cabbage in the Cd-polluted soil.     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...