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341.
Min Wu Suiliang Huang Wei Wen Xueming Sun Xianqiang Tang Miklas Scholz 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1086-1094
We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling
sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand (> 60%). The fraction of clay was < 3%. Total
nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively.
Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the
fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P (exchangeable
phosphorus), 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P (Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus), 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P (calcium-bound phosphorus),
and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P (organic phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of
21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock. 相似文献
342.
水生植物提取液对蓝藻的抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用对照试验,模拟研究不同氮磷营养、水温等条件下,添加水生植物(睡莲)提取液对蓝藻生长的抑制作用。实验证实了植物提取液对蓝藻有抑制作用,在不同生长条件下,细胞密度为6×10^7~2×10^10个/L时,可达到降低蓝藻50%的生长率。 相似文献
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346.
介绍了湿地中水生植物的水质净化机理以及水生植物的生长、收割对水质净化效果的影响。对收获后大量水生植物的处置和资源化利用途径进行了综述,认为利用水生植物进行厌氧发酵制取清洁生物质能源是一种环保、经济、可行的方法,并探讨了水生植物成分对厌氧发酵特性的影响。 相似文献
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348.
制浆造纸废水对水生生物急性毒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前我国工业废水排放的监督和管理主要以理化监测为主,而理化分析并不能实际反映出水污染源对水体中受害生物的综合毒害强度。该研究同时采用鱼类急性毒性试验、溞类急性毒性试验、发光细菌急性毒性试验和藻类生长抑制试验测定制浆造纸排放废水的生物毒性大小,根据上述毒性实验所测定的半数效应的体积百分比浓度,筛选出对该行业废水最为敏感的毒性试验方法和试验生物,同时结合毒性单位法和废水中的常规污染物浓度与特征污染物对该排放废水进行了综合评价。试验结果表明:该制浆造纸废水对斑马鱼的96 h LC50为33.24%、33.33%和32.96%,属中毒;对大型溞的48 h LC50为27.01%和37.47%,属中毒;对青海弧菌Q67的15 min EC50远远小于10%,属高毒或剧毒;对斜生栅藻的96 h EC50为50%~100%,属低毒。可见,发光细菌毒性试验方法对制浆造纸废水最为灵敏;同时测定4类生物急性毒性的方法为建立我国重点废水排放行业的生物毒性监测方法体系和适合不同污染源废水的试验生物目录库奠定了基础;虽然部分制浆造纸废水的理化指标已经达标,但是其生物毒性较强,这说明采用生物毒性监测配合理化监测方法监测水污染源排放的废水,才能更深刻了解污染物对水生态环境的实际影响,水生生物毒性试验是化学试验的必要补充。 相似文献
349.
Water is the most critical factor for controlling the vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions. Using a dye-tracing experiment, we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems. The dye coverage, uniform infiltration depth, maximum infiltration depth, total stained area and heterogeneous infiltration stained area were measured by two indices, the maximum infiltration depth index (MIDI) and heterogeneous infiltration index (HII), which were calculated by processing dye-stained photos. The MIDI and HII of soil under shrubs were 1.41±0.14 and 0.29±0.068, respectively, and larger than those of grass soil, 1.26±0.14 and 0.20±0.076. Using the MIDI, HII, field soil moisture and rainfall data, the infiltration depth and heterogeneous infiltration amount for 26 nature rainfall events were calculated. The results imply that water can infiltrate to a deeper layer beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches and that more water infiltration occurs beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches. These results are of prime importance for arid and semiarid ecosystems with a limited water supply due to high evaporation and low precipitation. 相似文献
350.
Carl E. Zipper Braven Beaty Gregory C. Johnson Jess W. Jones Jennifer Lynn Krstolic Brett J.K. Ostby William J. Wolfe Patricia Donovan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(4):807-819
The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water‐ and sediment‐quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery‐raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed‐sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water‐ and sediment‐quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River. 相似文献