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491.
POST‐HARVEST RIPARIAN BUFFER RESPONSE: IMPLICATIONS FOR WOOD RECRUITMENT MODELING AND BUFFER DESIGN1
Michael K. Liquori 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(1):177-189
Despite the importance of riparian buffers in providing aquatic functions to forested streams, few studies have sought to capture key differences in ecological and geomorphic processes between buffered sites and forested conditions. This study examines post‐harvest buffer conditions from 20 randomly selected harvest sites within a managed tree farm in the Cascade Mountains of western Washington. Post‐harvest wind derived treefall rates in buffers up to three years post‐harvest averaged 268 trees/km/year, 26 times greater than competition‐induced mortality rate estimates. Treefall rates and stem breakage were strongly tied to tree species and relatively unaffected by stream direction. Observed treefall direction is strongly biased toward the channel, irrespective of channel or buffer orientation. Fall direction bias can deliver significantly more wood recruitment relative to randomly directed treefall, suggesting that models that utilize the random fall assumption will significantly underpredict recruitment. A simple estimate of post‐harvest wood recruitment from buffers can be obtained from species specific treefall and breakage rates, combined with bias corrected recruitment probability as a function of source distance from the channel. Post‐harvest wind effects may reduce the standing density of trees enough to significantly reduce or eliminate competition mortality and thus indirectly alter bank erosion rates, resulting in substantially different wood recruitment dynamics from buffers as compared to unmanaged forests. 相似文献
492.
This study looks into T. officinale cenopopulations growing in the Techa River floodplain under conditions of chronic low-dose irradiation. It has been shown that the left-bank and right-bank cenopopulations differ from one another, as well as from the control (background) population, in the allozyme structure, viability, and radioresistance of the seed progeny and the mechanisms of antioxidant protection. In nature, cenopopulations differing in their phenogenetic structure may have different strategies of adaptation to the chronic influence of low radiation doses against the background of changing environmental conditions. The consequences of irradiation for such cenopopulations, including the viability and radiosensitivity of their seed progenies, may also differ considerably. 相似文献
493.
Zachary O. Toledo J. Boone. Kauffman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(6):1653-1663
ABSTRACT: Intact riparian zones are the product of an incredibly complex multitude of linkages between the geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotiè features of the ecosystem. Land‐use activities that sever or alter these linkages result in ecosystem degradation. We examined the relationship between riparian vegetation and channel morphology by sampling species composition and herbaceous root biomass in incised (down‐cut and widened) versus unincised (intact) sections of unconstrained reaches in three headwater streams in northeastern Oregon. Incision resulted in a compositional shift from wetland‐obligate plant species to those adapted to drier environments. Root biomass was approximately two times greater in unincised sections than incised sections and decreased with depth more rapidly in incised sections than in unincised sections. Total root biomass ranged from 2,153 g m‐2 to 4,759 g m‐2 in unincised sections and from 1,107 g m‐2 to 2,215 g m‐2 in incised sections. In unincised sections less than 50 percent of the total root biomass was found in the top 10 cm, with approximately 20 percent in successive 10‐cm depth increments. In contrast, incised sections had greater than 60 percent of the total root biomass in the top 10 cm, approximately 15 percent in the 10 to 20 cm depth, less than 15 percent in the 20 to 30 cm depth, and less than 10 percent in the 30 to 40 cm depth. This distribution of root biomass suggests a positive feedback between vegetation and channel incision: as incision progresses, there is a loss of hydrologic connectivity, which causes a shift to a drier vegetation assemblage and decreased root structure, resulting in a reduced erosive resistance capacity in the lower zone of the streambank, thereby allowing further incision and widening. 相似文献
494.
水生植物群落特征是水环境质量的重要标志.为了解京杭大运河(杭州段)的水生生态系统中水生植物的分布特点,探析水质与植物群落间的关系,对其5个典型断面水域中的水生植物进行了调查:考察了各断面水域中水生植物物种组成、多样性分布规律、生物量和主要优势种;分析了水环境的温度、pH值、透明度、溶解氧和主要生源要素等理化因子;采用多元统计方法,探讨了浮游植物多样性分布与环境因子的相关性;并对各断面水体的营养水平进行了评价.结果表明,京杭大运河(杭州段)典型断面的水生植物多样性主要取决于浮游植物的多样性,共观察鉴定了35属的藻类,其中优势群落为硅藻门的明盘藻属(Hyalodiscus Ehrenberg)与直链藻属(Melosira Agardh);从对浮游植物多样性及分布的影响来看,在现有的6个环境因子中,溶解氧、透明度、水温理化因子均对浮游植物的分布产生明显影响,而pH值的影响最大;就水质营养化程度而言,塘栖大桥和卖鱼桥相对污染程度较轻,义桥、顾家桥和拱宸桥污染程度较高,而义桥污染最为严重. 相似文献
495.
亚热带典型岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
为了解岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学的昼夜变化过程及其影响因素,于2013-07-09~2013-07-14期间,在广西壮族自治区融安县官村地下河出口(G1)和下游雷崖村(G2)设置两个监测点同时展开了为期5 d的高分辨率昼夜监测工作,每15min监测水温(T)、pH、溶解氧(DO)和电导率(Spc),每2 h进行人工采样工作,样品测试Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3等主要离子以及δ13CDIC.结果发现:1 G1和G2点都是HCO3-Ca型水,但是两个监测点表现出不同的水文地球化学昼夜变化过程;2监测期间官村地下河出口(G1)的物理化学参数和主要离子(Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3等)基本上保持稳定,而雷崖监测点(G2)的物理化学参数(T、pH、DO、Spc)和Ca2+、HCO-3和NO-3离子表现出有规律的昼夜变化特征;3 G2监测点的溶解无机碳(DIC)和δ13C值表现出相反的昼夜变化特征,DIC在白天下降晚上升高而δ13C值白天上升晚上下降,并表现出较好的负相关关系(相关系数为-0.87,P<0.01).结果表明,水生植物的光合作用和呼吸作用、水温以及脱气作用共同影响岩溶区地表溪流水文地球化学的昼夜变化,控制了岩溶地表溪流内部物质循环过程. 相似文献
496.
497.
水生动植物联合作用净化不同富营养化景观水体研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择睡莲(Nymphaeatetragona)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrillaverticillata)、鲢鱼(Aristichthysnobilis)和中华圆田螺(Cipangopludinachinensis)为实验对象,设置富营养和极富营养两种浓度梯度,通过室外试验探讨不同动植物及其组合对两种浓度水平中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及叶绿素a(Chl-a)的净化效果。结果表明,在富营养和极富营养水平中,均以睡莲和黑藻组合对TN和TP的去除效果最好,TN去除率分别为66.4%和42.3%,TP去除率分别为97.1%和89.6%,TP去除率分别高出相应对照组53.2和35.3个百分点;鲢鱼和中华圆田螺的加入会引起TN和TP的升高,但是由鲢鱼、中华圆田螺、睡莲和黑藻组成的组合对藻类的抑制效果最好,其Chl-a含量始终保持最低含量,日均值不超过1.16 mg/m3。因此,鲢鱼、中华圆田螺、睡莲和黑藻联合作用对富营养化水体具有明显的净化效果,其协同作用可为景观湖泊富营养化控制提供理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
498.
499.
在实验室条件下研究了1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)、硝基苯和毒死蜱这3种典型有机污染物对我国两种本土淡水水生生物霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)的急性毒性效应,并进行生物安全性评价.结果表明,随污染物浓度增加和时间的延长,3种污染物的毒性均明显增强,两种水生生物的死亡率上升,呈明显剂量-效应关系.1,2,4-TCB、硝基苯和毒死蜱对霍甫水丝蚓的96 h半致死效应浓度(96 h-LC50)分别为71.88、285.76和5.50 mg·L-1,对四膜虫的96 h-EC50分别为15.58、140.22和14.69 mg·L-1.3种典型污染物的毒性评估结果表明,1,2,4-TCB对霍甫水丝蚓表现为中等毒性,硝基苯为低等毒性,而毒死蜱则表现为高等毒性;3种污染物对嗜热四膜虫的毒性顺序依次为:1,2,4-三氯苯毒死蜱硝基苯.研究结果将为开展水生态风险评估,制定和完善我国水质基准提供本土数据支持. 相似文献
500.