大型饮用水源水面植物生长效果应用研究

汤浦水库是一座专用性大型饮水水源,目前水质状况为中营养,为改善水库水质,应用生态的方法开展水生植物生长除氮试验研究,即在水面种植水生植物,利用水生植物的生长去除水中的营养物质,但是由于在大水域内种植水生植物水位多变,水深大,风浪较大,沉水植物难以生长,漂浮植物容易逃逸,一般性的水面水生植物种植最后存活率只有20%左右....     

泸沽湖水生植被现状

通过2010年1a的调查,得出泸沽胡水生维管束植物42种,水生植被分布面积（除草海外）355hm^2,占湖泊总面积的7．09％;资源量1．48万t,其中,春季1．23万t,夏季2．43万t,秋季2．16万t,冬季0．11万t。     

Lipid peroxidation rates in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taraxacum officinale</Emphasis> Wigg. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia cracca</Emphasis> L. from biotopes with different levels of soil pollution with heavy metals

The rates of lipid peroxidation (LPO) have been studied in Taraxacum officinale Wigg. (Asteraceae) and Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) from urban ecosystems with different levels of soil pollution with heavy metals (HMs), including Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr. The former species responds to the increased HM contents by intensification of LPO processes, with their parameters correlating with the concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil. In the latter species from the same biotopes, conversely, LPO homeostasis remains actually undisturbed.     

应用Abraham方程研究有机污染物对七种水生生物的毒性

通过研究141种对7种水生生物(发光菌、江水细菌、绿藻、大型溞、鲤鱼、黑头呆鱼,古比鱼)的毒性,建立了非极性麻醉型和极性麻醉型有机物的毒性与辛醇/水分配系数的对数lg Kow的相关性,并对该相关性进行了理论解释.同时,建立了Abraham参数与7种水生生物毒性的预测模型,根据Abraham参数和预测模型的系数,对有机污染物与生物毒性作用机理进行了理论分析.在此基础上,对Abraham毒性模型回归系数进行主成分分析,发现有机污染物对7种水生生物的毒性机理具有一定种间相似性和种间差异性,通过有机污染物对7种水生生物种间相关性研究发现,近缘物种种间具有良好的相关性,说明这些物种具有较相似的毒性作用机理,而非近缘物种种间相关性较差,说明这些物种种间毒性机理存在一定差异.     

Aquatic ecological health assessment of Shaying River Basin based on indices of physico-chemistry and aquatic organisms北大核心CSCD

With a variety of ecosystem services, river ecosystem plays an important role in the process of human society development. On the other hand, health condition of most aquatic ecosystems is seriously threatened by human activities. Restoring and maintaining a healthy ecosystem has already become a vital goal of river management. As a basis of river management, river health assessment is therefore particularly important. Based on indices of physics, chemistry and aquatic organisms, this research tried to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of aquatic ecological health suitable for the situation of Shaying River Basin. The system included 6 factors including riparian zone, river morphology, nutrients, oxygen balance, periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates, which were defined into 19 indices reflecting the aquatic ecological health from different aspects. The assessment results indicated that the health condition of overall basin was normal, varying among different parts of the region, with Shahe River, Lihe River and Beiru River in the upper part sub-healthy, and Jialu River in the same part sub-sick. The middle region was generally in normal or sub-sick level; the health condition of the lower part was comparatively better due to a good condition. Within the indices, the nutrients and benthic macroinvertebrates were the major constraining factors to the health condition of Shaying River Basin for their poor health condition. The health conditions showed significant differences among the rivers (P < 0.01), with Jialu River being the worst. The result indicated that the aquatic ecological health of Shaying River Basin is affected by many factors, with urban and industrial sewage being the main ones, And that different protective measures should be employed for rivers of different conditions. The result can provide theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of Shaying River Basin and reasonable exploitation and conservation of the water resource of the whole Huaihe River Basin.     

水生生物急性毒性QSAR模型研究进展

化学品污染对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在风险。但是,危害性信息缺失是进行化学品风险评价的主要挑战。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和美国环保署都提倡用非动物实验替代方法来弥补数据缺失。定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)被认为是一种有应用前景的替代技术。水生生物急性毒性是化学品风险评估和优先污染物筛选中最常用的参数之一。但是,目前可获得的实验毒性数据非常有限。本文总结了近年来发展的急性毒性预测模型,包括:(1)基于同类化合物建模;(2)基于数理统计建模;(3)基于化合物毒性作用模式建模。从模型预测能力、应用域、机理解释等角度对这3类模型进行了比较。其中,基于作用模式构建的模型一般具有较好的预测性能,并有助于机理解释,将是今后水生生物急性毒性预测的发展方向。     

近岸海域典型水体中镉的水生态风险评估

为了解我国近岸海域重金属污染现状,以镉为目标污染物,选择北部湾、渤海湾、杭州湾、辽东湾、闽江口、珠江口、长江口、黄河口等8个典型海湾、河口区域作为评估目标区域进行水生态风险评估。研究结果显示:北部湾、渤海湾、杭州湾、闽江口、长江口、珠江口、黄河口等7个海域水体中镉的暴露水平较低,从2005至2013年其急、慢性暴露的最高潜在影响比例均低于5%,且整体呈下降趋势。辽东湾水体中镉从2005至2013年对水生生物的最高潜在影响比例为28.67%(95%置信区间26.29%~30.06%),5%、10%、15%、20%超过率对应的潜在影响比例分别为18.95%(17.84%~20.23%)、12.51%(11.65%~13.61%)、8.26%(7.40%~9.15%)、5.45%(4.62%~6.16%),其在2005—2010年间呈现略微上升趋势,2010—2013年间呈现下降趋势。水体中镉暴露水平主要受入海河流污染物输入的影响,其中五里河、大凌河影响最强。     

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment(Moreton Bay,Australia)

Surface water methane(CH4) and nitrous oxide(N2O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments(Bramble Bay and Deception Bay,which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010–2012. Water–air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH4 and N2O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH4 and N2O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays.During the seven seasons, CH4 varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N2O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH4 fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH24/(m·day) while N2 O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and1.6 ± 0.6 mg N2O/(m2·day). Weighted emissions(t CO2-e) were 63%–90% N2 O dominated implying that a reduction in N2 O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas(GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH4 and N2O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.     

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的生长动力学研究

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的批量培养试验,考察了水蚯蚓在活性污泥中的生长规律,以及底物、溶解氧浓度由低到高变化对水蚯蚓比增长速率的影响.结果表明,在水温25℃±0.5℃、溶解氧4 mg.L-1、底物浓度4 000 mg.L-1条件下培养18周,水蚯蚓体重随培养时间的变化趋势较好地符合Gauss函数,最大比增长速率μAWma...     

Red-list status and extinction risk of the world's whales,dolphins, and porpoises

To understand the scope and scale of the loss of biodiversity, tools are required that can be applied in a standardized manner to all species globally, spanning realms from land to the open ocean. We used data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List to provide a synthesis of the conservation status and extinction risk of cetaceans. One in 4 cetacean species (26% of 92 species) was threatened with extinction (i.e., critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable) and 11% were near threatened. Ten percent of cetacean species were data deficient, and we predicted that 2–3 of these species may also be threatened. The proportion of threatened cetaceans has increased: 15% in 1991, 19% in 2008, and 26% in 2021. The assessed conservation status of 20% of species has worsened from 2008 to 2021, and only 3 moved into categories of lesser threat. Cetacean species with small geographic ranges were more likely to be listed as threatened than those with large ranges, and those that occur in freshwater (100% of species) and coastal (60% of species) habitats were under the greatest threat. Analysis of odontocete species distributions revealed a global hotspot of threatened small cetaceans in Southeast Asia, in an area encompassing the Coral Triangle and extending through nearshore waters of the Bay of Bengal, northern Australia, and Papua New Guinea and into the coastal waters of China. Improved management of fisheries to limit overfishing and reduce bycatch is urgently needed to avoid extinctions or further declines, especially in coastal areas of Asia, Africa, and South America.