水生维管束植物处理污水及其综合利用

文章通过大量实验数据及国内外水生维管束植物处理污水的发展状况,深入探讨水生维管束植物处理污水的净化机理及其影响因素,并对水生维管束植物处理污水资源化的综合利用进行了论述,从目前的研究成果来看,该方法是一种经济、有效、适合我国国情的污水处理方法。     

水生植物法再生景观回用水水质稳定技术研究

建立了污水处理和景观回用中试试验系统,景观回用试验水量为11 m3,研究了城市污水经二级生物处理再生后用作景观环境用水的水质稳定性;构建了不同结构的水生植物系统,研究了该系统对再生景观环境用水水质的影响. 结果表明:在晴朗天气,白天水温为(28±2)　℃,夜间水温为(20±2)℃的条件下,二级生物处理的再生水在瓷砖水池中最多可以稳定3 d;结构完善的“挺水-浮叶-沉水-浮水”水生植物系统能够有效抑制再生景观回用水中藻类的滋生,并可降低其有机物和氮、磷的含量,在9 d内使ρ(COD_Cr),ρ(TP)和ρ(NH₃-N)分别降低76.9%,95.8%和95.2%,从而使水质保持稳定并得以改善,使回用水水质完全符合再生景观回用水国家标准. 因此,构建结构完善的水生植物系统可实现污水再生景观回用.      

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

水环境两相分层流数值模拟

以研究水环境两相分层流精细预报模型为目标,广泛地涉及了两相湍流精细模拟的理论和方法。用Eulerian坐标系中多流体模型统一描述两相各自的运动,并分别对两相本分的湍流输运观作以及地相间互作规律进计模拟,建立了水环境两相分层流的双流体模型对包含有浮力和密度分层的两相湍流进行了数值模拟,计算结正确地反映了分层及紊动特征,与实测结果吻合较好     

Seasonal Distribution of Chemical Elements in Alisma plantago-aquaticaL. and Sagittaria sagittifoliaL.

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

RELATION BETWEEN FISH COMMUNITIES AND RIPARIAN ZONE CONDITIONS AT TWO SPATIAL SCALES1

ABSTRACT: The relation offish community composition to riparian cover at two spatial scales was compared at 18 streams in the agricultural Minnesota River Basin. The two spatial scales were: (1) local riparian zone (a 200 meter wide buffer extending 2 to 3 kilometers upstream of the sampling reach); and (2) the upstream riparian zone (a 200 m wide buffer on the mainstem and all perennial tributaries upstream of the sampling reach). Analysis of variance indicated that streams with wooded‐local riparian zones had greater fish species richness (means = 20 and 15, respectively) and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores (means = 40 and 26, respectively) than streams with open‐local riparian zones. Streams with wooded‐upstream riparian zones tended (were not statistically significant) to have greater numbers of species (means = 19 and 15, respectively) and IBI scores (means = 33 and 28, respectively) than streams with open‐upstream riparian zones. There was no significant interaction between the riparian zone conditions at the two scales. This study suggests that maintenance of wooded riparian cover along streams could be effective in maintaining or improving fish community composition in streams draining heavily agricultural areas.     

天然水体中微囊藻毒素归宿的初步研究

微囊藻毒素是有毒蓝藻释放的肝毒性代谢物,对环境和人们健康具有潜在危害,成为各国普遍关注的热点,并已列入我国地表水环境质量特定检测项目。在暴发严重蓝藻水华的滇池水环境治理工程中,对水华污染水体中微囊藻毒素的含量进行了全年监测,结果表明水样中微囊藻毒素含量的变化范围为0.17~0.82 μg/L,比水体中蓝藻生物量的藻毒素含量低了至少一个数量级。为研究水体中藻毒素的归宿,通过有关微囊藻毒素的吸附、光降解、微生物降解等一系列现场和实验室研究,结果表明光降解是滇池水体中微囊藻毒素浓度降低的主要途径,同时微生物降解、生物积累和颗粒物吸附也是水体中微囊藻毒素浓度降低的因素。探讨了蓝藻水华污染水体的藻毒素归宿途径,并提出了有待研究的问题。     

酚类环境雌激素对水生生物毒性效应的研究进展

已有研究发现多种酚类化合物可以干扰水生生物正常内分泌代谢,对生物生殖系统、神经系统、免疫系统等产生毒性效应,进而通过食物链的生物放大作用对人体产生危害。酚类化合物对生物体的内分泌干扰效应已经成为了近年来的研究热点。结合近年来国内外毒理学研究进展,在详细概述酚类化合物对水生生物的毒性效应及作用机制的基础上,并对目前研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。     

~(31)P-NMR分析湖泊植物和藻类有机磷方法优化及形态研究

应用不同的提取剂和固液比提取湖泊水生植物和藻类中的藻类有机磷(P_0),并进一步采用液态核磁共振(~(31)P-NMR)技术分析其组成特征.结果表明:采用0.5mol/L NaOH+25mmol/LEDTA提取剂,并控制固液比为1:60可获得最优的P_0提取效果;~(31)P-NMR分析测试过程中,设置延迟时间(D1)为5s,扫描分析时间为15h(约扫描24000次)可获得较好的谱图.通过以上实验方法,分析水生植物和藻类中磷均由正磷酸盐、单酯磷、二酯磷及焦磷酸盐组成,其中P_0可分别占总磷(TP)的34-21%~53.36%和31.27%~72.96%.单酯磷是水生植物和藻类P_0的主要组分,其平均含量可占P_0的92%和83%;二酯磷含量均较少,占TP的0~6.65%;藻类体内焦磷酸盐含量可达水生植物的35倍.     

水环境中RH-5992液相色谱分析

为评价ＲＨ－５９９２在环境中的分布与结局,介绍了一种该化合物在湖水,淤泥,鱼,宽叶香蒲草和驴蹄草的残留时分析方法,分析过程包括溶剂的提取,液液分配,柱层析净化和液相色谱分析。分析物采用二有管阵列式紫外检测器进行检测,柱型为ＲＰ－８,流动相为乙腈,二氧六环和水。