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191.
A. H. M. Johnson G. C. Lalor J. Preston H. Robotham C. Thompson M. K. Vutchkov 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(3):113-121
A regional survey of Jamaican surface soils has been conducted in which more than 200 samples were collected at a sample density of 1 per 64 km2 across the island and analysed for total concentrations of 31 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim of the survey was to begin the construction of a high-precision geochemical database to provide information on elemental levels in soils for application to environmental studies, agriculture, and human and animal health. Results on the regional scale are presented for As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb. Although Jamaican surface soils are enriched in several heavy metals compared with world soil means and crustal abundances, lead is of particular importance at this stage because of its occurrence in residential areas. Except for Cu, the distribution maps of these elements are highly correlated with bauxite which in Jamaica is associated with white limestone geology and residualterra rossa soils. 相似文献
192.
用高铝陶瓷球磨加工在120℃下烘干30h的风砂土、黑土和暗棕壤土壤样品。用X-射线荧光光谱法等分析样品中Cu,F3,Ti等元素,做均匀度检验,结果表明样品均匀。定值分析采用NA、ICP-MS等18种不同原理的分析技术。在1年多时间里,用X-射线荧光光谱法做稳定性实验,表明样品稳定。在IBM计算机上处理获取的全部数据。用Grubbs、多重比较S法等剔除离群值,求出最佳估计值。以最佳估计值按定值原则确 相似文献
193.
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195.
以天然土壤为吸附材料,处理水溶液中的Pb2+,研究3种土壤对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附过程并结合土壤的理化性质对吸附规律进行初步分析。结果表明,棕壤和钙层土对Pb2+的吸附能力远大于红壤,3种土壤对Pb2+的吸附动力学曲线与二次动力学方程有较好的拟合性;3种土壤吸附Pb2+的吸附等温线用Langmuir方程描述最为合适,其次是Temkin方程,再次是Frenudlich方程,钙层土对Pb2+的吸附受温度影响较为明显;由实验数据得出的反应热力学参数说明3种土壤对Pb2+的吸附是自发的吸热过程;Pb2+在饱和吸附的土壤表面覆盖率并不高;土壤对Pb2+的吸附能力受各种土壤理化性质的综合影响。 相似文献
196.
机械通风法是一种操作简单、效果好、成本低的土壤修复技术,特别适合大型挥发性有机化合物(VOC)污染场地的土壤修复,但在环境温度低、土壤含水率高、土壤黏性大等情况下,其修复效果和修复周期会受到极大影响,且土壤中高浓度的污染物残留将严重影响场地修复目标的实现。为了解决这一问题,采用了在土壤中添加一定量生石灰的强化措施。结果表明:(1)生石灰可以显著提高机械通风法修复三氯乙烯(TCE)污染土壤的效果,缩短修复周期,降低污染物在土壤中的残留浓度。(2)生石灰对TCE的强化作用与生石灰的添加量和土壤类型有关,粉质黏土的强化效果要好于粉土和细砂,生石灰添加量越多,强化效果越好;(3)生石灰强化处理TCE的主要机制是提高土壤温度、降低土壤含水率、增加土壤通透性,促进土壤中TCE的解吸和挥发。 相似文献
197.
198.
凯氏法测定土壤全氮的方法改进 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用凯氏法测定土壤全氮对9种不同类型的土壤进行测定,通过实验比较不同的还原剂、氧化剂和催化剂,发现以五水合硫代硫酸钠做还原剂,以硫酸为主要氧化剂,以K2SO4+CuSO4+TiO2做催化剂,具有操作简便、省时、无污染的优点。该方法加标回收率82.5%~96.0%,标样测试相对误差1.4%,精密度1.9%~10.8%,检出限14mg/kg。 相似文献
199.
S. Navakishore Reddy Suman Gupta Vijay T. Gajbhiye 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):948-959
Pyraclostrobin is a new broad-spectrum foliar applied and seed protectant fungicide of the strobilurin group. In this paper, adsorption-desorption of pyraclostrobin has been investigated in three different soils viz. Inceptisol (sandy loam, Delhi), Vertisol (sandy clay, Hyderabad) and Ultisol (sandy clay loam, Thrissur). Effect of organic matter and clay content on sorption was also studied in Inceptisol of Delhi. Leaching potential of pyraclostrobin as influenced by rainfall was studied in intact soil columns to confirm the results of adsorption-desorption studies. The adsorption studies were carried out at initial concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μg mL?1. The distribution coefficient (Kd) values in three test soils ranged from 4.91 to 18.26 indicating moderate to high adsorption. Among the three test soils, adsorption was the highest in Ultisol (Kd 18.26), followed by Vertisol (Kd 9.87) and Inceptisol (Kd 4.91). KF value was also highest for Ultisol soil (66.21), followed by Vertisol (40.88) and Inceptisol (8.59). S-type adsorption isotherms were observed in all the three test soils. Kd values in organic carbon-removed soil and clay-removed soil were 3.57 and 2.83 respectively, indicating lower adsorption than normal Inceptisol. Desorption studies were carried out at initial concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μg mL?1. Desorption was the greatest in Inceptisol, followed by Vertisol and Ultisol. Amounts of pyraclostrobin desorbed in three desorption cycles for different concentrations were 23.1–25.3%, 9.4–20.7% and 8.1–13.6% in Inceptisol, Vertisol and Ultisol respectively. Desorption was higher in clay fraction-removed and organic carbonremoved soils than normal Inceptisol. Desorption was slower than adsorption in all the test soils, indicating hysteresis effect (with hysteresis coefficient values varying from 0.05 to 0.20). Low values of hysteresis coefficient suggest high hysteresis effect indicating easy and strong adsorption, and slow desorption, of pyraclostrobin in soils. Higher hysteresis coefficient values in organic carbon removed soil (0.25–0.30) and clay fraction removed soil (0.28–0.36) as compared to normal Inceptisol soil suggest relatively weak adsorption and easy desorption of pyraclostrobin. Results of regression analysis suggest that the organic matter and pH of the soil play a major role in adsorption of pyraclostrobin. Leaching studies were carried out in intact soil columns in Inceptisol. The columns were leached with different amounts of water simulating different amounts of rainfall. The results suggest that most of the pyraclostrobin residues will remain present in the top soil layers even under high rainfall conditions and chances of pyraclostrobin moving to lower soil depth are almost negligible. 相似文献
200.
通过盆栽实验研究不同纳米修复剂(羟基磷灰石HAP、赤泥RM、Fe3O4、胡敏酸-Fe3O4)对2种不同污染土壤Cd吸收、转运的影响。结果表明,上述纳米修复剂均可显著增加胡萝卜植株生物量,显著提高植株Cd胁迫的耐受指数;不同土壤施用不同纳米修复剂均显著降低胡萝卜植株Cd的含量,并且随着修复剂施加浓度的增加而显著降低;与对照相比,植株茎叶Cd含量最大降低达78.8%,根中Cd的含量最大降低67.8%;添加不同修复剂能不同程度地降低了土壤中Cd的转运系数和富集系数,这可能与施用不同纳米修复剂促进了土壤中非残留态Cd向残留态Cd的转化有关,总体而言,不同纳米型修复剂对降低Cd的有效性顺序为:RM~HAP>胡敏酸-Fe3O4>Fe3O4。 相似文献