磁性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖制备及其对磺胺嘧啶吸附性能研究

采用一步溶剂热法制备磁性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖三元复合材料(GO/CS/Fe_3O_4).复合材料的表征结果显示,GO/CS/Fe_3O_4含有丰富含氧官能团,氧化石墨烯片层上均匀负载四氧化三铁磁性粒子,分散到水中的磁性复合材料在外加磁场的作用下,具有良好的磁分离效果.选择磺胺嘧啶为目标污染物考察复合材料吸附性能.结果表明,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,在295、303、313 K温度下最大吸附量分别为53.30、60.56、79.23 mg·g~(-1),吸附热力学参数表明GO/CS/Fe_3O_4对磺胺嘧啶的吸附是以物理吸附为主的自发吸热反应.通过不同pH条件下吸附量和Zeta电位分析吸附机理,证明π-π电子共轭效应及静电吸附是复合材料吸附磺胺嘧啶过程中的主导作用力.     

Hierarchical Ag-SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic composites for elemental mercury removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas

Hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites were selected for elemental mercury(Hg~0) removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas in this study. Results showed that the hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites had favorable Hg~0 removal ability at low temperature. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of hierarchical magnetic composite is much larger than that of pure Fe_3O_4 and SiO_2@Fe_3O_4. The Hg~0 removal efficiency reached the highest value as approximately 92% under the reaction temperature of 150°C, while the removal efficiency sharply reduced in the absence of O_2. The characterization results indicated that Ag nanoparticles grew on the surface of SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 support. The large surface area of SiO_2 supplied efficient reaction room for Hg and Ag atoms. Ag–Hg amalgam is generated on the surface of the composites. In addition, this magnetic material could be easily separated from fly ashes when adopted for treating real flue gas, and the spent materials could be regenerated using a simple thermal-desorption method.     

苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料湿热老化性能研究

研究了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料的湿热老化性能。采用RTM工艺,制备了苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料,采用DSC,DMA,TGA等表征了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂树脂基复合材料的常温干态热性能,分别测试了70℃和120℃的湿热老化性能。结果表明：苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料具有优异的常温干态力学性能。70℃时,部分性能保持率在70%以上;120℃时,部分性能保持率在50%以上。苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料表现出优异的抗湿热老化性能。     

新型含锆聚碳硅烷制备C/C-SiC-ZrC 复合材料及烧蚀性能

目的提高C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能。方法通过交联固化-碳化工艺获得新型含锆聚碳硅烷(Polyzirconocenecarbosilane, PZCS)裂解产物。采用FT-IR、XPS、TG、XRD、SEM等分析手段表征PZCS先驱体基本结构和固化、裂解产物结构及元素分布等。以PZCS为溶液浸渍先驱体,通过PIP工艺制备得到C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料,采用氧乙炔烧蚀试验表征其抗烧蚀性能。结果 PZCS陶瓷先驱体经过交联固化工艺能够显著提高其陶瓷产率。TG结果表明,980℃时陶瓷产率达66.37%,所得陶瓷粉末为分散均匀的SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷。C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料经过氧乙炔试验烧蚀600 s后,其线烧蚀率为0.0067 mm/s,表现出良好的抗烧蚀性能。结论 SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷基体烧蚀过程中,氧化形成SiO2和ZrO2等氧化物涂层,氧化物隔离层能够隔离氧气和热量,阻止其向复合材料内部进一步扩散,可有效提高复合材料烧蚀性能。     

我国木器涂料及汽车涂料中挥发性有机物特征

目前,工业源有机溶剂相关的实测型研究在我国鲜见报道,为摸清我国工业源有机溶剂挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)含量及物种情况,提供建立我国工业源有机溶剂使用源排放清单所需的排放因子,选取我国用量均高居全球第一的木器涂料及汽车涂料开展研究.通过到企业采样及市场购买等途径获取涂料样品,按国内涂料相关标准检测方法进行测定,获取涂料中VOCs含量及成分谱,并计算其臭氧生成潜势(ozone formation potential, OFP).结果表明,在木器涂料中,溶剂型、水性和光固化(ultra-violet, UV)涂料的平均VOCs含量(质量分数)分别为37.28%、 9.88%和18.02%.汽车涂料中,水性原厂漆、溶剂型原厂漆、水性修补漆和溶剂型修补漆的平均VOCs含量分别为15.06%、 59.90%、 11.79%和54.50%.不同种类的涂料VOCs含量差异巨大.水性涂料的主要组分及OFP贡献者为醇醚类,溶剂型涂料的为苯系物及酯类,UV涂料的为酯类和醇醚类.涂料样品的均值均可满足现行强制性国家标准,但存在12%的溶剂型木器涂料样品和42...     

内高压成形技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了内高压成形原理、工艺分类、优点、应用范围和适用材料 ,综述了国外内高压成形在工业领域尤其汽车工业的应用情况 ,给出了用内高压成形制造的典型结构件、枝杈管件、异形管件和空心轴类件。详细介绍了国内研制的 4 0 0MPa内高压成形机参数及在该设备上试制的铝合金管件、不锈钢管件、空心阶梯轴和轿车后轴纵臂等内高压成形件。最后探讨了内高压成形需要深入研究的课题和发展趋势     

Fabrication Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Jute/PP Composites Using Jute Yarns by Film Stacking Method

This paper mainly focuses on the fabrication process of long fibre reinforced unidirectional thermoplastic composites made using both natural (untreated) treated jute yarns. Jute yarns were wound in layers onto a metallic frame. Polypropylene films were inserted between these layers and compression moulded to fabricate unidirectional jute/PP composite specimens. Static mechanical properties were evaluated from tensile three point bending tests. Pre- post-failure examination were carried out on the test specimens using optical scanning electron microscopy to analyse the test results and investigate the correlations between their impregnation state, processing conditions, mechanical performances and fracture morphologies. For the unidirectional jute/PP film-stacked composites, the results indicated that the processing condition at the moulding temperature of 160°C and moulding pressure of 2.0 MPa for 15 min was ideally suited to obtain optimized properties. Improved wettability of resin melts due to complete matrix fusion at this processing condition facilitated thorough impregnation with minimum microstructural imperfections (microvoids) being generated. Jute/PP composites that contained treated jute yarns have shown superiority in tensile bending properties. Jute yarns polished or coated with PVA/PP (polyvinyl alcohol/polypropylene) must have contributed positively to fibre/matrix interfacial interactions leading to matrix to fibre effective stress transfer, thereby improving their reinforcing effects. Tensile strength and modulus of PP resin increased by approximately 285% and 388%, respectively, due to 50 wt% reinforcement by natural jute yarns. Further improvements in strength and modulus were achieved by approximately 14% and 10%, respectively, when treated yarns were used . The maximum bending stress modulus of jute/PP composites containing untreated yarns were approximately 190% and 460% higher than those of the virgin PP materials, and bending properties were improved by further 11% and 23%, respectively, due to coating treatments on the yarn surface.     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

碳纤维环氧复合材料火灾危险综合评价

碳纤维环氧复合材料是目前航空领域中应用最为广泛的结构材料之一,但其本身具有可燃性,一旦起火,会严重危及飞机结构安全。建立碳纤维环氧复合材料火灾评价体系,以层次分析法为基础,结合锥形量热仪试验数据对3种典型的碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性进行了综合评价。通过理论分析和试验测试得到FGI(火势增长指数)、THRI_(4min)(放热指数)、TSPI_(4min)(发烟指数)和ToxPI_(4min)(毒性气体生成速率指数)4个火灾危险性评价指数,能够很好地量化典型碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性,FGI能更好地辨识碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性。结果表明,双向碳纤维布和单向碳纤维预浸料的火灾危险性接近,表明织造方式的不同对火灾危险性影响很小,而碳纤维夹层板的火灾危险性相对较大。轻型飞机仪表箱部位相对于仪表板和机身框,火灾危险性较大,对此部位的防火应提出更高的要求。     

Si(B)CN 陶瓷及其复合材料评价与应用研究现状

总结了近年来Si(B)CN陶瓷及其复合材料评价与应用研究现状。首先介绍了Si(B)CN陶瓷及其复合材料的制备,而后详细综述了Si(B)CN陶瓷及其复合材料在力学性能、氧化行为、烧蚀行为、疲劳与蠕变性能、环境性能等方面的性能评价,并对其应用现状进行了概述。