秦淮河流域沿岸居民环境责任意识研究调查

环境意识作为一种社会意识和价值观念,引导着人类在生产生活中对待环境的态度和行为。本文对秦淮河流域沿岸居民关于环境意识的调查,运用SPSS软件分析,结果表明:居民环境责任意识与利益关注对环境态度和环境保护行为显著正向影响,居民环境态度对环境行为显著正向影响;居民的环境意识与环境行为存在明显不一致性;居民在日常生活上是浅层次的环境保护型环境意识,环保行为上为政府依赖型,居民对环境问题认识的基本驱动力是利益关系;人口统计特征变量在不同假设路径中均存在显著性差异。     

商场工作人员自我效能感与火灾时行为的结构方程模型分析*

为充分发挥商场工作人员在火灾风险下的疏导作用,提高疏散效率。引入火灾安全意识、行为选择动机、火灾认知能力为中介变量,研究商场工作人员自我效能感与火灾时的有利行为、不利行为之间的关系,构建结构方程模型;对西安市某大型商场212名工作人员进行问卷调查,运用Amos24.0软件进行分析。研究结果表明:自我效能感主要通过火灾安全意识、行为选择动机、火灾认知能力对商场工作人员发生火灾时的行为产生影响,这3个中介变量对商场工作人员发生火灾时的有利行为呈显著正相关,对不利行为呈显著负相关;火灾认知能力对商场工作人员发生火灾时的有利行为影响最大,行为选择动机对商场工作人员发生火灾时的不利行为影响最大。研究结果可为商场火灾安全疏散管理提供有效依据,对商场火灾疏散具有重要意义。     

Sustainability of Nations

SUMMARY

A method is presented to interrelate the development of economy, environment and social quality in communities. Economy and environment, in initial development stages, oppose each other. Social welfare and economy generally develop simultaneously. To assess overall progress in sustainable development, an integrated and quantifiable framework is presented which defines five levels of sustainability. Increasing sustainability is characterized by growing responsibility for the impacts of man's actions in space and time. Through increased eco-efficiency and changed awareness, nations and companies arrive at a synergistic relationship between environment and economy. It is indicated that social security benefits expenditure increases by a factor 3.5 and carbon dioxide emissions per capita decreases by a factor 3 at each higher level of sustainability. Quantified differences in sustainability levels of 24 nations are shown. Priorities for improving and safeguarding sustainability are indicated.     

Raising awareness of transport issues: The potential to bring about behavioural change?

Changes in the directions of transport policy in the UK in the last few years have led to a wider consideration of possible measures to bring about behavioural change, in particular measures which have the potential to reduce car dependence. Among the measures currently being implemented by local authorities are public awareness or travel awareness campaigns. This paper examines the findings of a research project which evaluated a travel awareness scheme in the context of an integrated transport policy. The research project monitored the attitudes, beliefs and intentions of a sample of the residents who had been targeted by the Maidstone Initiative for Sustainable Transport (MIST) implemented by Kent County Council and Maidstone Borough Council. The research project found some remarkably consistent attitudes about car and bus travel over a period of three years, It also found that whilst people seem to be aware of the impact of travel on the environment they do not consider the environmental impact with the same degree of importance as other attributes of travel. A further finding was a hidden desire to switch modes from the car. The paper will conclude by looking critically at the future for travel awareness campaigns.     

Factors influencing the implementation of a safety management system for construction sites

The objective of the study was to determine the influential safety factors that governed the success of a safety management system for construction sites. The number of incidences among construction workers and the level of awareness on matters concerning safety were also determined. The study involved a self-administered three-part questionnaire among the workers and interviews with industry experts involved in brick-laying, concreting and in related assorted trades. Part A of the questionnaire concerned personal particulars, Part B involved training and experience and Part C was based on 28 industry-accepted safety factor elements. The construction sites ranged from high rise buildings, landed houses and infrastructure renovation. The sample size was 275. From the survey it was found that the most influential safety factor was personal awareness followed closely by communication. Suggestions and recommendations on equipment design and improved work practices and procedures to improve the efficiency and productivity of construction workers were proposed. Management was urged to get their workers better informed about safety matters.     

Leader self‐awareness: An examination and implications of women's under‐prediction

Self‐awareness represents an important aspect of leadership. However, past research on leader self‐awareness has focused on one component of self‐awareness, self versus others' ratings, leaving the second component, the ability to anticipate the views of others, largely neglected. We examined this second component of self‐awareness by focusing on women leaders who have been found to under‐predict how others rate them. In two studies, we measured how women leaders anticipate the views of their bosses in regard to their leadership. In Study 1, 194 leaders rated their leadership, were rated by their bosses, and then predicted how their bosses rated their leadership. While we found that women under‐predict their boss ratings compared with men, we did not find that boss gender or feedback played a role in this under‐prediction. In Study 2, 76 female leaders identified (via open‐ended questions) possible reasons and consequences of under‐prediction for women in organizations. Results from Study 2 reveal the following: (1) the reasons for women's under‐prediction include a lack of self‐confidence, differences in feedback needs, learned gender roles, and self‐sexism; and (2) the perceived consequences of under‐prediction are negative for both women and the organization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态安全系统理论的研究与应用

将量子纠缠理论引入安全理论中,提出安全与危险纠缠机制;指出人们当前所处的“安全”的状态,实质上是“安全与风险叠加”的状态,是不确定的;而相对于当前的状态,之前的状态实质上是安全的,是确定的,由此重新给出了安全的新认知。再以安危纠缠和安全新认知为理论基础,建立了动态安全系统理论,给安全管理与事故预防提供了新思想和新方向。然后借由塔吊生产系统,展示了动态安全系统理论的应用,定量分析系统内部安全程度,从而使安全管理步入动态的定量化管理阶段。     

加强环境保护宣传教育提高公众环境意识

社会与科技的快速发展虽然为人们创造了更加良好的生存环境,但同时,也对实际的环境保护宣传教育提出了更多要求。在此情况之下,相关人员必须要对公众的环境意识进行全面的了解,结合当下的发展趋势和环境保护现状,有针对性的对环境保护宣传教育进行创新与改革。另外,还必须要考虑公众的生活习惯和工作习惯的变化,构建全新的环境保护宣传教育平台,科学利用现代化科技和多样化方式来引导公众进行环境保护知识学习。这样不仅能够全面提升公众的环境意识,同时也能够有效地实现环境友好型和资源节约型社会的全面构建。     

企业管理人员气候变化意识的统计分析

本文首先总结了气候变化意识的定义和内涵,认为气候变化意识包括对气候变化的原因、影响和应对措施等问题的认知和应对气候变化的行为意愿两部分.其次基于问卷调查的数据,统计了企业管理人员对气候变化问题的认知和应对气候变化的行为意愿的各项问题的得分率.在气候变化的认知方面,受访者对于气候变化的原因的认知水平比较低,对于气候变化的全球协议和中国政策的认知水平非常低,对于气候变化的原因和减缓气候变化的措施的认知水平比较高,对于适应气候变化的各项措施的认知程度则有明显的差异;在应对气候变化的行为意愿方面,大多数受访者愿意在日常生活中采取行动减缓气候变化,也有大部分受访者认为企业是应对气候变化的主要利益相关方之一,企业应对气候变化的最主要的推动力是强制性的标准和法令的执行以及经济激励政策的引导,中国企业已经采取的应对气候变化的措施主要是节能减排取得了明显成效、淘汰了落后产能、开展了清洁生产及循环经济等.     

四川省农村固体废物的处理现状、特性与农民环保意识分析

鉴于四川省重要的生态屏障功能和多样的地形气候条件,随机选择该地区10个自然村,通过问卷调查、采样测试等方法,对农村固体废物的处理现状、特性与农民环保意识进行调研,以期为农村典型污染物的管理与处理提供一定的理论支撑和技术指导。调研表明:四川省农村生活垃圾统一清运率相对较高,生活垃圾与塑料薄膜以焚烧为主;人畜粪便主要用作肥料,作物秸秆主要用于生活燃料,绝大部分灰渣均还田,大部分生活污水直接排放,这些处理方式导致了地表水、固体废物和大气的复合型污染。调查村生活垃圾产生量平均值为227g/(人·d),主要组分包括厨余、灰土、纸类、橡胶,生活垃圾平均容重、含水率、灰分、可燃物、低位热值分别为129kg/m3、43.42%、28.22%、28.36%和6 048kJ/kg。农村群众对生活垃圾特性的认知不高,参与环境管理的意愿和对典型污染物处理的支付意愿相对较弱;四川省农村生活垃圾和生活污水处理宜充分利用户用沼气池和中小型沼气工程,采取分散和自行处理为主、集中处理为辅的模式。