夏季巢湖入湖河流溶解性有机质来源及其空间变化

使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）,分析了2019年夏季巢湖流域丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河、兆河和南淝河水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源及其空间变化.结果表明,南淝河DOM吸收特征参数SUVA₂₅₄显著低于其它河流,而光谱斜率比S_R显著高于杭埠河,表明城市污染物径流排入降低了南淝河水体DOM的芳香性,但对其分子量影响较低.南淝河DOM荧光指数（FI）和生物源指数（BIX）大于其它河流,而腐殖化指数（HIX）低于其它河流,指示其DOM自生源高于其它河流.使用EEM-PARAFAC从河流DOM中提取出4种类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和2种内源类蛋白荧光组分（C5、C6）,其中,类腐殖质组分包括陆源有机质（C1、C3和C4）和微生物降解产物（C2）.沿河流方向,5条河流河水溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、 a（355）和DOM荧光组分呈不同的空间变化特征,其中丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河和兆河DOM受农田土壤径流输入影响明显,而南淝河DOM主要受城市污染物径流和污水处理厂出水影响.     

A New Approach for the Flocculation Mechanism of Chitosan

A peak III/I ratio (_peak) in pyrene-fluorescence spectrum was used to measure the polarity of microenvironment of chitosan adsorbing pyrene molecules. The authors detected the pyrene-fluorescence spectrum of chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation (DD) and determined the relationship between the flocculation of bentonite colloid and the _peak of chitosan with a different molecular weight (MW) and DD. It can be concluded that MW rather than DD plays a key role in the flocculation and that bond bridging rather than charge neutralization dominates the flocculation with chitosan from a microenvironmental structure of view.     

定日镜的风压分布与脉动特性

定日镜结构的形体特殊,不同于普通的建筑结构.采用表面测压技术对定日镜模型进行了三维风荷载风洞试验,得到了各测点风向角0°～180°范围内,竖向角为0°～90°情况下,镜面平均风压和脉动风压的分布,重点探讨了镜面脉动风压特性.研究结果表明脉动风荷载功率谱变化受湍流风速和旋涡脱落的影响,并与斯托哈罗数有关;镜面正反两侧脉动风压主要呈正相关特性,在顺风向情况下相关系数较小,横风向情况下相关系数较大;风向角及竖向转角较小时,脉动风压更好地符合高斯分布.     

起重机结构疲劳剩余寿命评估方法研究

针对机械结构的主要破坏形式——疲劳破坏,以桥式起重机焊接箱形主梁为研究对象,根据断裂力学Paris-Erdogan方程,结合Miner疲劳损伤累积理论,应用实验所得数据,推导出疲劳剩余寿命公式。采集不同类型,不同额定起重量起重机一段时间内相应起重量的工作次数数据,以模拟出危险点处相应的载荷谱。以VC++为开发平台,研制完成桥式起重机疲劳剩余寿命评估软件。该软件可模拟实现普通、铸造桥式起重机的疲劳剩余寿命估算,并与实验结果进行比较,表明具有较高的吻合性和实用性。     

Influence of Social, Biophysical, and Managerial Conditions on Tourism Experiences Within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area

N  = 1475) traveling with tourism operations of different sizes who traveled to different sites completed surveys. Results indicated that snorkelers who traveled with larger operations (more people and infrastructure) differed from those traveling with smaller operations (few people and little on-site infrastructure) on benefits received and in the way that specific conditions influenced their enjoyment. Benefits related to nature, escape, and family helped to define reef experiences. Conditions related to coral, fish, and operator staff had a positive influence on the enjoyment of most visitors but, number of people on the trip and site infrastructure may have the greatest potential as setting indicators. Data support the potential usefulness of visitor input in applying the LAC concept to a marine environment where tourism and recreational uses are rapidly changing.     

工业园区典型VOCs污染过程精细化溯源

以上海某化工工业园区为目标区域,针对典型的大气VOCs污染过程,通过耦合高时间分辨率GC-MS在线监测、拉格朗日大气扩散模型、VOCs源谱及相似度分析等技术手段,开展了小尺度大气VOCs的精细化溯源.结果表明,针对敏感点监测到的VOCs高值时刻,拉格朗日大气扩散模型能够追踪主要的气团来向及企业潜在贡献,空间分辨率达到1...     

宁波地区自然环境对铁塔材料力学性能的影响

在加速腐蚀的基础上,通过对Q345铁塔材料的静强度和疲劳试验,研究了宁波地区大气腐蚀环境对Q345铁塔材料力学性能的影响。试验表明,5 a内的加速腐蚀对Q345镀锌材料静强度的影响可以忽略;Q345镀锌材料在当量腐蚀前4 a,腐蚀的形式为均匀腐蚀与点蚀共存;当量加速腐蚀1 a后的疲劳强度无显著降低;加速腐蚀3 a后疲劳强度降低6.2%;4 a后疲劳强度降低12.7%,对应在95%置信度和95%可靠度下的寿命则分别降低25%和46.5%;加速腐蚀第5年,由于均匀腐蚀的发生,削减了腐蚀坑深度,使得其对＂腐蚀坑深度＂敏感的疲劳强度与第4年相同。     

Four years of free-air CO2 enrichment enhance soil C concentrations in a Chinese wheat field

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can influence soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. The e ects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and N fertilization on soil organic C (Corg), dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and soil basal respiration (SBR) were investigated in a Chinese wheat field after expose to elevated CO2 for four full years. The results indicated that elevated CO2 has stimulative e ects on soil C concentrations regardless of N fertilization. Following the elevated CO2, the concentrations of Corg and SBR were increased at wheat jointing stage, and those of DOC and Cmic were enhanced obviously across the wheat jointing stage and the fallow period after wheat harvest. On the other hand, N fertilization did not significantly a ect the content of soil C. Significant correlations were found among DOC, Cmic, and SBR in this study.     

表面处理技术提高混凝土内置钢筋耐久性的研究

采用热喷涂Zn金属涂层、涂覆环氧树脂涂层和电沉积Zn/钝化等表面处理方式,对混凝土内置钢筋进行处理,通过电化学交流阻抗谱技术(EIS),探讨处理后的钢筋在混凝土中的腐蚀行为,并与未经防护的钢筋进行了比较。结果发现,在混凝土包覆的条件下,三种涂(镀)层对抑制混凝土内置钢筋的腐蚀均具有明显作用;相比之下,环氧涂层(保证涂层不遭受机械损伤或焊接破坏)抑制钢筋腐蚀的效果更好。     

Plant leaf economics and reproductive investment are responsive to gradients of land use intensity

Relationships between functional leaf traits across large sets of plant species emphasized the existence of a major axis describing a trade-off between rapid acquisition and conservation of resources forming the so-called “leaf economics spectrum”. It is uncertain which environmental factors determine the economics spectrum and whether traits associated with reproduction co-vary with the economics spectrum. To determine these trait-environment relationships for agricultural ecosystems, this study was conducted at field, pasture, and heathland sites forming a strong land use gradient in Northwest Germany. The abundance of 49 species was recorded in 85 plots together with their traits (canopy height, specific leaf area, leaf N, leaf N:P, leaf and stem dry matter content, life cycle, reproductive investment (RI) in seed mass and seed number), as well as parameters describing soil resources and land use disturbances. RLQ multivariate analysis of the data set related an environmental table to a species trait table using a species abundance table to extract the joint structure between them. Thereafter, we clustered the species on the RLQ axis to extract functional groups. Traits associated with the leaf economics spectrum were strongly related to soil resources that co-varied with disturbance intensity. A division of the whole land use gradient into agricultural and heathland sites showed that RI was not decoupled from trait-environment relationships although the direction of the RI-environment relationship was opposite in the two subsets. Species were clumped rather than linearly arranged in the trait-environment space and the functional groups broadly corresponded to weed communities, pastures with differing intensities, and heathlands. The trade-off in plant economics responding to soil resources supports predictions of previous theoretical and empirical work. Different RI-environment relationships in agricultural sites and heathlands emphasize the relevance of local scales in trait-environment studies. In general, the results point to some of the biological mechanisms controlling functions and services of agricultural ecosystems.