全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3665篇 |
免费 | 356篇 |
国内免费 | 548篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 498篇 |
废物处理 | 26篇 |
环保管理 | 464篇 |
综合类 | 1730篇 |
基础理论 | 877篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 123篇 |
评价与监测 | 307篇 |
社会与环境 | 364篇 |
灾害及防治 | 179篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 95篇 |
2022年 | 110篇 |
2021年 | 163篇 |
2020年 | 135篇 |
2019年 | 131篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 168篇 |
2016年 | 204篇 |
2015年 | 193篇 |
2014年 | 185篇 |
2013年 | 259篇 |
2012年 | 356篇 |
2011年 | 339篇 |
2010年 | 257篇 |
2009年 | 233篇 |
2008年 | 184篇 |
2007年 | 229篇 |
2006年 | 210篇 |
2005年 | 192篇 |
2004年 | 128篇 |
2003年 | 103篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 59篇 |
2000年 | 77篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4569条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
161.
于2018年—2019年在鄱阳湖区周边选取4个县(区)10个村庄的典型门塘开展浮游藻类采样调查。研究共鉴定出藻类6门83种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主;浮游藻类细胞密度全年范围为7.30×104个/L~2.78×1011个/L,年均值为1.4×1010个/L,其中夏季细胞密度最大,冬季细胞密度最小;优势种主要有小环藻、微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、卵形隐藻等,且具有较为明显的季节演替,全年优势种为小环藻;藻类多样性指数(H′)年均值为1.49,丰富度指数(M)年均值为1.92,全年水体生物学评价结果为中度污染。 相似文献
162.
Mapping the Spatial Variability of Plant Diversity in a Tropical Forest: Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hernandez-Stefanoni JL Ponce-Hernandez R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):307-334
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of plant species is essential to conservation and forest managers in order to identify
high priority areas such as vulnerable species and habitats, and designate areas for reserves, refuges and other protected
areas. A reliable map of the diversity of plant species over the landscape is an invaluable tool for such purposes. In this
study, the number of species, the exponent Shannon and the reciprocal Simpson indices, calculated from 141 quadrat sites sampled
in a tropical forest were used to compare the performance of several spatial interpolation techniques used to prepare a map
of plant diversity, starting from sample (point) data over the landscape. Means of mapped classes, inverse distance functions,
kriging and co-kriging, both, applied over the entire studied landscape and also applied within vegetation classes, were the
procedures compared. Significant differences in plant diversity indices between classes demonstrated the usefulness of boundaries
between vegetation types, mapped through satellite image classification, in stratifying the variability of plant diversity
over the landscape. These mapped classes, improved the accuracy of the interpolation methods when they were used as prior
information for stratification of the area. Spatial interpolation by co-kriging performed among the poorest interpolators
due to the poor correlation between the plant diversity variables and vegetation indices computed by remote sensing and used
as covariables. This indicated that the latter are not suitable covariates of plant diversity indices. Finally, a within-class
kriging interpolator yielded the most accurate estimates of plant diversity values. This interpolator not only provided the
most accurate estimates by accounting for the indices' intra-class variability, but also provided additional useful interpretations
of the structure of spatial variability of diversity values through the interpretation of their semi-variograms. This additional
role was found very useful in aiding decisions in conservation planning. 相似文献
163.
This is the first comprehensive study of sources of variation in metal concentrations within the whole tissues of a shallow burrowing, filter-feeding intertidal clam, Austrovenus stutchburyi. Samples were collected from 12 sites in April, August, November and February in 1993–1994 in the vicinity of Otago Harbour and Peninsula, New Zealand. Total tissue trace metal concentrations (μg g−1 dry weight) were measured in individual animals for the essential metals : Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and the non-essential Cr using trace-metal clean acid-digestion and ICP-OAES techniques. Average metal concentrations were 3–60 μg g−1 for Cu, 40–118 μg g−1 for Zn, 2–12 μg g−1 for Mn, 5–35 μg g−1 for Ni and 1–44 μg g−1 for Cr. These levels decreased with body weight and differed amongst sites except for Cr in February (mid-summer). Highest concentrations occurred at sites close to a city (Dunedin) and within the central harbour region although the Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations did not correlate with the environmental gradient or season. At one coastal site, samples of both the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and cockles gave similar trends in trace metal levels. These results suggest that the cockle could be a useful trace metal biomonitor within NZ estuaries. 相似文献
164.
García del Barrio JM Ortega M Vázquez De la Cueva A Elena-Rosselló R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):137-159
This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements -habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land- whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index.Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50×20 m2 multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators.The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences. 相似文献
165.
都昌县多宝砂山物种多样性研究及保护初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对鄱阳湖都昌县多宝砂山地区土地风沙化过程中物种多样性的变化特征进行了分析,依据植物种在各类型风沙化土地的出现频率与不同风沙化阶段各生活型植物种的组成,探讨了风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭与定居特点.物种多样性指数分析表明:风沙化过程是物种多样性衰减的过程,风沙化首先导致特有种的绝灭,其次为稀有种.从植物的生活型来看,多年生草本与乔木类植物受风沙化影响最大,而灌木类植物可存活于风沙化过程的各个阶段,在风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭速率大于定居速率.最后,针对造成多宝砂山生物多样性衰减的原因,提出了治理对策,即在控制人类行为干扰的同时,要加强对固定沙丘的管理与保护. 相似文献
166.
167.
利用隆线溞趋光行为检测水体中五氯酚钠和镉的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用自主选育的隆线溞单克隆体作为试验生物,研究了五氯酚钠(PCP-Na)和镉对隆线溞趋光指数的影响,并与急性毒性试验方法进行了比较.结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,水溞的趋光指数分别随五氯酚钠和镉浓度的升高而降低,呈极显著线性关系,说明隆线溞趋光指数的变化可以指示水体中这2种毒物的生物有效浓度.PCP-Na使隆线溞趋光指数(3h)发生显著改变的下限浓度为0.18 mg·L~,远低于LC50(96 h)(0.59 mg·L-1),上限浓度大于3.20 mg·L-1,也远高于LC50(24h)(0.73 mg·L-1),表明隆线溞趋光指数法比急性毒性试验法的灵敏度高,检测范围大,耗时短.在试验溶液范围内,五氯酚钠和镉之间不存在明确的相互作用关系. 相似文献
168.
山东崂山生物多样性及保护对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据多年来对青岛崂山生物资源的调查和文献资料,研究了崂山生物多样性的特点,分析了其在山东生物多样性保护中的地位,提出了崂山生物多样性保护对策和建议.研究表明:崂山生物多样性具有物种丰富度高、密度大,特有种、重点保护物种多,植物成分复杂,生态系统类型多样,古树名木众多,遗传多样性丰富的特点,崂山是山东乃至全国生物多样性保护的“关键区“之一. 相似文献
169.
亚洲大陆2000~2002年春季大气沙尘时空特征的数值模拟 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
将矿物沙尘释放与沉降模式和全球大气化学传输模式相耦合,建立了一个能够完整描述沙尘的扬起、输送和沉降动态过程的模式系统,并利用实时气象资料强迫该模式,对2000、2001和2002年春季(3~5月)亚洲大气沙尘时空特征进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,模拟的3年春季平均大气柱沙尘浓度分布与地面观测的3年春季平均沙尘暴频率分布范围基本吻合,模拟的沙尘气溶胶光学厚度与卫星观测的气溶胶指数具有显著的相关性,验证了该模式对亚洲沙尘的扬起、传输和沉降过程及大气沙尘载荷时空特征有较好的模拟能力,并基于模拟的沙尘释放通量与沙尘气溶胶光学厚度的相关分析,探讨了亚洲沙尘可能的传输路径. 相似文献
170.
赵文斌 《三峡生态环境监测》2021,(1):53-62
广阳岛的生态修复设计以"长江风景眼,重庆生态岛"为价值追求,聚焦"生态"和"风景".生态修复设计围绕"摸清本底、自然恢复、生态修复、增加生物多样性"四个核心方面展开,通过运用土壤改良技术、海绵理水技术和生态疏田技术等生态修复技术提升生态修复科技内涵,使生态修复后的广阳岛以生态为魂、以风景为象.一期按照四种模式完成生态修... 相似文献