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排序方式: 共有152条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
水生生物学不但与生态学、湖沼学、海洋科学、渔业等密切相关,而且已经在环境监测和污水处理等方面得到了很多应用。本文针对如何将水生生物学应用到水环境监测中以及水生生物在水环境保护中能够起到的作用与研究进展进行了分析及阐述。 相似文献
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溶藻细菌及其分子生物学研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
溶藻细菌在"水华"防治中的作用和潜力,已广受关注.本文从系统分类、溶藻机制和杀藻物质等方面对已报道的溶藻细菌的研究结果进行了归纳和总结,并对近年来在细菌溶藻研究中应用的分子生物学技术,包括PCR、核酸探针和全细胞杂交、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)等,以及溶藻机制研究巾的分子生物学进展进行了综述,最后提出了在溶藻细菌的研究和应用中值得注意的几个问题.表1参66 相似文献
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As the human activity footprint grows, land-use decisions play an increasing role in determining the future of plant and animal species. Studies have shown that urban and agricultural development cannot only harm species populations directly through habitat destruction, but also by destroying the corridors that connect habitat patches and populations within a metapopulation. Without these pathways, populations can encounter inbreeding depression and degeneration, which can increase death rates and lower rates of reproduction. This article describes the development and application of the FRAGGLE model, a spatial system dynamics model designed to calculate connectivity indices among populations. FRAGGLE can help planners and managers identify the relative contribution of populations associated with habitat patches to future populations in those patches, taking into account the importance of interstitial land to migration success. The model is applied to the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), a threatened species whose southeastern U.S. distribution has diminished significantly within its native range due to agricultural and urban development over the last several decades. This model is parameterized with life history and movement traits of the gopher tortoise in order to simulate population demographics and spatial distribution within an area in west-central Georgia that supports a significant tortoise population. The implications of this simulation modeling effort are demonstrated using simple landscape representations and a hypothetical on land-use management scenario. Our findings show that development resulting in even limited habitat losses (10%) may lead to significant increases in fragmentation as measured by a loss in the rate of dispersions (31%) among area subpopulations. 相似文献
86.
Thomas D. Harwood Xiangming Xu Marco Pautasso Mike J. Jeger Michael W. Shaw 《Ecological modelling》2009
We developed a stochastic simulation model incorporating most processes likely to be important in the spread of Phytophthora ramorum and similar diseases across the British landscape (covering Rhododendron ponticum in woodland and nurseries, and Vaccinium myrtillus in heathland). The simulation allows for movements of diseased plants within a realistically modelled trade network and long-distance natural dispersal. A series of simulation experiments were run with the model, representing an experiment varying the epidemic pressure and linkage between natural vegetation and horticultural trade, with or without disease spread in commercial trade, and with or without inspections-with-eradication, to give a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial started at 10 arbitrary locations spread across England. Fifty replicate simulations were made at each set of parameter values. Individual epidemics varied dramatically in size due to stochastic effects throughout the model. Across a range of epidemic pressures, the size of the epidemic was 5–13 times larger when commercial movement of plants was included. A key unknown factor in the system is the area of susceptible habitat outside the nursery system. Inspections, with a probability of detection and efficiency of infected-plant removal of 80% and made at 90-day intervals, reduced the size of epidemics by about 60% across the three sectors with a density of 1% susceptible plants in broadleaf woodland and heathland. Reducing this density to 0.1% largely isolated the trade network, so that inspections reduced the final epidemic size by over 90%, and most epidemics ended without escape into nature. Even in this case, however, major wild epidemics developed in a few percent of cases. Provided the number of new introductions remains low, the current inspection policy will control most epidemics. However, as the rate of introduction increases, it can overwhelm any reasonable inspection regime, largely due to spread prior to detection. 相似文献
87.
盐碱湿地鲇鱼资源及其增养殖 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鲇鱼是松嫩平原盐碱湿地重要的高值食用鱼类之一。根据近年来对新荒泡鲇鱼的研究,作者报道了其生物学特征、经济价值、资源利用现状及其对新荒泡渔业资源的影响,提出了鲇鱼的增养殖途径及其关键技术。 相似文献
88.
采用机械淋滤/厌氧生物组合工艺,充分发挥机械淋滤反应器的水解酸化功能和厌氧生物反应器的产甲烷功能,对有机生活垃圾进行了中试规模处理。厌氧生物反应器经过接种,15 d驯化完成。厌氧反应器出水回流淋洗水量对机械淋滤反应器运行特征有较大影响,当回流淋洗水量为3.0 m3/d时,淋滤液COD、VFA第8天时浓度分别为41 000 kg/L和2 000 kg/L。对机械淋滤反应器/厌氧反应器组合工艺进行了多批次实验,每吨有机生活垃圾平均产生沼气87.2 m3,甲烷含量稳定在75%,平均产沼系数为0.46 m3/kg COD,厌氧生物反应器出水COD平均值为560 mg/L,在对有机生活垃圾处理的同时实现有机生活垃圾资源化利用。 相似文献
89.
Fredrik Dalerum 《Ambio》2014,43(7):839-846
Humans are altering their living environment to an extent that could cause environmental collapse. Promoting change into environmental sustainability is therefore urgent. Despite a rapid expansion in conservation biology, appreciation of underlying causes and identification of long-term solutions have largely been lacking. I summarized knowledge regarding the environmental crisis, and argue that the most important contributions toward solutions come from economy, political sciences, and psychology. Roles of conservation biology include providing environmental protection until sustainable solutions have been found, evaluating the effectiveness of implemented solutions, and providing societies with information necessary to align effectively with environmental values. Because of the potential disciplinary discrepancy between finding long-term solutions and short-term protection, we may face critical trade-offs between allocations of resources toward achieving sustainability. Since biological knowledge is required for such trade-offs, an additional role for conservation biologists may be to provide guidance toward finding optimal strategies in such trade-offs. 相似文献
90.
试论我国生物多样性及其保护 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的前提 ,是生命支持系统最重要的组成部分。本文阐述了我国生物多样性的特点 ;揭示了我国生物多样性存在的问题 ;并从多角度提出了我国生物多样性的保护对策 相似文献