酸处理青霉菌对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用青霉菌菌体作为吸附剂对染料活性艳红X-3B进行吸附研究,考察了染料的初始质量浓度、pH值和温度对菌体吸附能力的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,经硝酸处理后的菌体吸附能力明显增强,在pH值为3时,吸附量达到最大. 吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来表达,平衡时吸附量的计算值和实验值吻合很好,相关系数可达0.999 8. 硝酸处理的菌体对活性艳红的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程表达.当温度为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃时,饱和吸附量分别为250.0 mg/g、322.6 mg/g、400 mg/g、416.7 mg/g.温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该吸附反应是吸热反应.根据热力学函数关系计算出ΔH＝35.13 kJ/mol,ΔS＝125.17 J/(mol·K),ΔG为-2.13～-4.03 kJ/mol,表明菌体对活性艳红的吸附是自发过程.     

Rethinking the native range concept

A species is not native outside its native range, but native range is not precisely defined. The invasion literature contains wide discussion of the core concepts such as naturalization, invasiveness, and ecological impact, but the concept of native range has received so little attention that a formal definition does not exist. I considered, among other impediments to a formal definition of native range, the sometimes arbitrariness of the spatial and temporal limits assigned to native range. Broad questions that remain include whether invasion theory can be used to define the native range for species without non-native ranges.     

鄱阳湖自然保护区生物多样性保护研究

鄱阳湖自然保护区于1983年建立,占地224平方公里.保护区的建立对改善生态环境,保护生物多样性有着重要的意义.20多年来,保护区内生态环境得到明显改善,生物资源不断丰富.为了进一步科学保护区内生物多样性,合理利用资源,针对自然保护区内生物多样性的历史和现状,适当扩大保护区范围,改善当地的经济发展模式等措施,将进一步改善自然保护区的生态环境,保护生物多样性.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域水资源开发的生态意义研究

水作为绿洲环境和经济建设的主要限制因素 ,直接决定着经济建设的规模、方向和水平。对水资源形成及其分布规律和生态意义的分析研究 ,对整个流域的发展规划和战略布署都具有深远的理论和现实意义。玛纳斯河流域作为新疆干旱区典型的内陆河 ,上、中、下游及山地、绿洲、荒漠的生态建设和保护均取决于对整个流域水资源的集约高效利用     

The century of biology: three views

The claim that the twenty-first century will be the century of biology could turn out to be true in three very different ways. One view is that developments in biotechnology will help to treat diseases and improve life. Another view is that changes in the biosphere will lead to extreme scarcity and endanger billions of humans. A third view is that biotechnology and climate change will further bifurcate the world into people with good health prospects and people with poor health prospects. I describe these views and show how they involve different accounts of the ethical issues that we will face and the ethical virtues that we will need to cultivate.     

Taking the Conservation Biology Perspective to Secondary School Classrooms

Abstract: The influence of conservation biology can be enhanced greatly if it reaches beyond undergraduate biology to students at the middle and high school levels. If a conservation perspective were taught in secondary schools, students who are not interested in biology could be influenced to pursue careers or live lifestyles that would reduce the negative impact of humans on the world. We use what we call the ecology‐disrupted approach to transform the topics of conservation biology research into environmental‐issue and ecology topics, the major themes of secondary school courses in environmental science. In this model, students learn about the importance and complexity of normal ecological processes by studying what goes wrong when people disrupt them (environmental issues). Many studies published in Conservation Biology are related in some way to the ecological principles being taught in secondary schools. Describing research in conservation biology in the language of ecology curricula in secondary schools can help bring these science stories to the classroom and give them a context in which they can be understood by students. Without this context in the curriculum, a science story can devolve into just another environmental issue that has no immediate effect on the daily lives of students. Nevertheless, if the research is placed in the context of larger ecological processes that are being taught, students can gain a better understanding of ecology and a better understanding of their effect on the world.     

沉淀酵母菌对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机理研究

应用红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等研究了沉淀酵母菌对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机理.从扫描电镜图片可以看出,吸附Pb(Ⅱ)后沉淀酵母菌细胞发生变形,细胞之间相互粘连;能量分析谱证实Pb(Ⅱ)与细胞表面的K进行了交换吸附;比较吸附Pb(Ⅱ)前后沉淀酵母菌的红外光谱可以发现,糖醛酸COOH基团C-O伸缩振动蓝移了13.59cm-1,C=O伸缩振动红移了5.42 cm-1,N-H伸缩振动峰红移了4 cm-1,C-O伸缩振动蓝移了2.86 cm-1,说明了COOH、C=O、C-O、N-H为沉淀酵母菌吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的主要活性基团.X射线光电子能谱进一步证实了吸附后Pb(Ⅱ)主要同N、O、P等元素形成配合物.沉淀酵母菌对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附是离子交换和表面络合共同作用的结果.     

人类活动对甘肃境内国家重点保护野生动物的影响

1999-2002年对甘肃境内的白水江、祁连山、安西自然保护区和河西地区影响国家重点保护野生动物的人类经济活动,从牧业、农业、林业和工业4个方面进行了调查;并且搜集整理了1999-2002年发表的相关论文和专著,对影响国家重点保护野生动物的人类经济活动按作用方式、人类活动的形式和对野生动物影响的结果3个方面进行了分类,从野生动物分布、栖息环境和种类变化3方面分析了人类经济活动对国家重点保护野生动物造成的影响.     

Advances in research of airborne microbes in subway systems北大核心CSCD

Subway systems are indispensable for transportation in modern cities, with the air being easily polluted by microbes owing to the enclosed and crowded environment. The microbiological characteristics of subway aerosols have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide during recent years. This review aimed to evaluate the sampling and analyzing methods suitable for detecting airborne microbes in subway systems. Active air sampling methods and molecular biology techniques based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and quantitative PCR demonstrated great potential in microbial analysis of aerosols because they can provide accurate and comprehensive information. Temporal and spatial distributions of airborne microbes, as well as the factors influencing their distribution characteristics, were also discussed by critically reviewing worldwide literature on subway microbiome studies. The concentration and composition of airborne bacteria and fungi in subway can vary dramatically with time and space. The critical factors determining microbial community structure and composition include temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, number of passengers, presence of platform screen door, ventilation systems, and so on. The review suggests that future studies on standardized sampling and analyzing protocols are required to obtain contamination levels of subway airborne microbes and to establish the relationship between microbial monitoring data and public health risks. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.