大理苍山洱海自然保护区旅游与环境可持续发展规划的研究

苍山洱海是国家级自然保护区，同时又是国家级风景名胜区，由于旅游业的开展而引发的环境、生态问题日趋突出。针对客观实际，在保护和开发并举的原则下，对该区域的旅游区、旅游模式等进行了规划，提出了旅游区域的环境保护指标、旅游容量，同时制定了相应的管理措施     

A Decision Framework for the Adaptive Management of an Exploited Species with Implications for Marine Reserves

Abstract:  Marine reserves have both conservation and fishery benefits. Nevertheless, there are no general criteria about when and where to establish new reserves, how to evaluate their efficacy, and how to conduct adaptive management to achieve conservation goals. We applied a decision-theory framework to optimally allocate conservation resources between improving data on population status and establishing a reserve for species conservation. Our goal was to maximize reserve benefits given the constraints of a population growth rate that would permit sustainability of resources. We illustrate our decision framework with a retrospective analysis of a 7-year time series on abundance of the leopard grouper ( Mycteroperca rosacea ) in the Sea of Cortés, Mexico. We used the lower bound of the distribution of the population growth rate ( λ ) as a decision rule for determining how many years of monitoring are needed to detect reserve effects. We determined the minimum time frame needed to estimate λ based on a stated level of risk tolerance for four sites. As expected, the coefficient of variation for the λ declined with the number of years of data. This increased precision with additional years of data resulted from the high degree of annual variability in the system. Where populations were slow to respond to reserves, more data were needed to detect a positive λ value. For the leopard grouper case study, confidence in the estimate of λ increased with the number of years of data. Our decision framework may be used to identify the minimum number of years of data needed before a management decision about reserve establishment could be made that is reasonably likely to meet its management objectives.     

Testing the Value of Six Taxonomic Groups as Biodiversity Indicators at a Local Scale

Abstract:  We examined six groups of taxa—woody plants, aquatic and terrestrial herpetofauna, small terrestrial birds, orchids, and Orthoptera—to determine their efficiency as biodiversity indicators in the Dadia Reserve in northern Greece. We investigated the indicator value of each group by examining the degree of congruence of its species-richness pattern with that of the other groups and the efficiency of its complementary network in conserving the other groups and biodiversity. The two techniques differed in many respects in their outputs, but they both showed woody plants as the best biodiversity indicator. There was in general low congruence in the species richness patterns across the different groups. Significant relationships were found between woody plants and birds, Orthoptera and terrestrial herpetofauna, and birds and aquatic herpetofauna. None of the optimal complementary networks of the groups we examined protected all species of the other groups. Nevertheless, the complementary network of woody plants adequately conserved all groups except orchids. We conclude that the principle of complementarity must be integrated into the methodology of evaluating an indicator. In an applied context, our results provide a scientific background on which to base a biomonitoring program for the Dadia Reserve. In a wider scope, if the group of woody plants prove an adequate biodiversity indicator for other Mediterranean areas as well, this will be important because it will facilitate conservation-related decisions for the entire Mediterranean region.     

Conservation Strategies for Endemic Fish Species Threatened by the Three Gorges Dam

Abstract:   The largest damming project to date, the Three Gorges Dam has been built along the Yangtze River (China), the most species-rich river in the Palearctic region. Among 162 species of fish inhabiting the main channel of the upper Yangtze, 44 are endemic and are therefore under serious threat of global extinction from the dam. Accordingly, it is urgently necessary to develop strategies to minimize the impacts of the drastic environmental changes associated with the dam. We sought to identify potential reserves for the endemic species among the 17 tributaries in the upper Yangtze, based on presence/absence data for the 44 endemic species. Potential reserves for the endemic species were identified by characterizing the distribution patterns of endemic species with an adaptive learning algorithm called a "self-organizing map" (SOM). Using this method, we also predicted occurrence probabilities of species in potential reserves based on the distribution patterns of communities. Considering both SOM model results and actual knowledge of the biology of the considered species, our results suggested that 24 species may survive in the tributaries, 14 have an uncertain future, and 6 have a high probability of becoming extinct after dam filling.     

旅游活动对九寨沟地表径流氮磷流失的影响研究

2005年4—9月,选择九寨沟旅游热点景点五花海与珍珠滩,设置了4组对比样地(干扰与未干扰对照),采用径流实验方法定位监测了25个降雨事件下的地表径流、湖边水体与地表降水中的全氮、全磷含量,分析了旅游活动对九寨沟核心景区林下地表径流与湖边水质中氮/磷含量的影响,探讨了旅游活动对湖泊水质变化的影响。研究发现:(1)地表径流中的全氮/全磷含量均显著高于近地表层降水中的全氮与全磷,也显著高于天然降水中的含量;(2)旅游活动后,径流全氮和全磷含量都增大;(3)径流全氮和全磷含量与土壤物理因子呈显著相关关系,地被覆盖因子中的凋落物因子影响径流全磷含量较显著;(4)地表径流全氮、全磷含量大于湖边水全氮、全磷含量,两者之间为正相关关系,表明旅游活动引起了氮/磷向湖泊的输入加大。研究结果提示,控制游客的游径扩大,湖岸边地被层植被恢复等措施是削减湖泊富营养化的有效措施。     

老秃顶子植物分带与中山地区植物特点

于2006年-2007年分春、夏、秋、冬4次对辽宁省老秃顶子国家级自然保护区内的植物分带进行了考察。结果表明：该区系成分复杂，有5个植被型组，包含有东亚-北美成分、北温带成分、温带亚洲成分、旧大陆温带成分等多个分布区类型，根据上述复杂情况，提出了具体的老秃顶子生态保护对策。     

Nature reserve construction and its contribution to the biodiversity conservation in China mainland

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论纳板河自然保护区的可持续发展

纳板河自然保护区生物多样性极为丰富,建立以来实施了资源管理和生态监测等适应性管护措施并取的成效。但还存在管理机构薄弱、生产方式落后、功能分区不合理等问题。为保证其可持续发展,建议完善管理机构,推进社区参与,共同管理,调整功能区,强化生物资源的管理、恢复和发展,同时发展生态旅游。     

抓住呼伦贝尔市建设生态市的历史机遇,促进辉河国家级自然保护区的全面发展

当前呼伦贝尔市正在进行生态市建设，本文就辉河自然保护区在生态环境建设中发挥的作用及其需要采取的措施作了简要分析。