我国安全生产科学技术研究与应用最新进展

从安全生产科研队伍和中介机构、人才培养、实验室建设、科技成果产出、科研成果转化及其产业化等方面全面总结了近年来我国安全科技方面取得的成绩;同时从安全科技体制机制、基础条件、基础理论研究、投入等方面探讨和分析了存在的主要问题及严重不足;提出了安全生产科学技术在安全基础理论、关键技术、推广应用、资源整合、科研机制等方面的对策建议。研究表明,近年来我国安全生产科技工作成绩突出,问题也很多,应该用创新和改革的思路及勇气进一步推动安全生产科技的快速发展。     

跨省流域生态补偿机制的创新——基于区域治理的视角

在传统行政区行政理念的主导下,流域政府皆以追求本地利益最大化为基本目标,甚少关注甚至漠视流域公共利益,流域政府间利益冲突严重,因此,难以对跨省流域生态补偿达成一致意见.跨省流域生态补偿的实施有赖于政府行政管理理念向区域治理理念的转变和相应的机制创新,包括建立流域政府间的民主协商机制、多元主体联合供给机制和中央对流域政府的选择性激励机制.     

Colloid‐facilitated transport of metolachlor through intact soil columns

Abstract

This study evaluated the role of water dispersible colloids with diverse physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics in facilitating the transport of metolachlor through macropores of intact soil columns. The soil columns represented upper solum horizons of an Alfisol in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. Three different colloid suspensions tagged with metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐l‐methylethyl)acetamide] were introduced at a constant flux into undisturbed soil columns. The eluents were collected and analyzed periodically for colloid and metolachlor concentrations. Colloid recovery in the eluents ranged from 54 to 90 %. The presence of colloids enhanced the transport of metolachlor by 22 to 70 % depending on the colloid type and mobility. Colloids with higher pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total exchangeable bases (TEB), surface area (SA), and electrophoretic mobility (EM), showed better mobility, greater affinity for interaction with the herbicide and, thus, greater potential to co‐transport metolachlor. In contrast, increased level of kaolinite, Fe, and Al inhibited metolachlor adsorption and transport. In spite of the increased transportability of metolachlor by the presence of soil colloids, the colloid bound herbicide portion accounted for a very small part of the observed increase. This suggests that surface site exclusion mechanisms and preferential sorption induced by the presence of colloids are more important than ion exchange phenomena in promoting herbicide mobility in subsurface environments.     

光皮桦资源的开发利用与发展前景

光皮桦是一种用途较广的珍贵树种 ,近年来皖南山区对光皮桦资源的需求日益增大。对光皮桦资源的利用现状、经济效益、造林技术及发展前景进行了论述。     

废水生物处理中固定化微生物技术方法与载体使用

固定化微生物技术由于具有许多传统污水处理工艺所没有的特点和优势，得到了越来越多的研究和应用。文章就现有的固定化微生物技术方法与常用的载体进行了分类，对各种固定化微生物技术的优劣性和适用范围进行了比较和总结，指出了固定化微生物技术在今后污水处理中的研究发展方向。     

冷凝膜油气回收技术在轻质油汽车装车中的应用

介绍了油气回收技术的基本原理,着重介绍了冷凝膜回收工艺技术的特点,及冷凝膜回收装置在中国石化青岛石油化工有限责任公司轻质油汽车装车的应用情况,分析了存在的问题及改进建议。     

The nexus between eco-friendly technology and environmental degradation in India: Does the N or inverted N-shape load capacity curve(LCC) hypothesis hold?

This study aims to investigate the impact of eco-friendly technology on environmental degradation indicated using the load capacity factor (LCF) with the framework of the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis. In this regard, an environmental degradation function is formed and analyzed using the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (AARDL) approach during the period spanning from 1975 to 2021 for India. The outcome indicates that eco-friendly technology reduces the LCF, thereby fostering environmental degradation in the long run, but the relationship is not significant in the short run. Further, an N-shaped LCC hypothesis has been observed in both long and short runs. Besides, energy consumption exhibits a LCF reducing or environmental degradation boosting role in the short run and long run. These findings are consistent with other models that are used to check the robustness of AARDL-based results. Thus, the study recommends policies for promoting eco-friendly technology, judicious economic growth, and cautious energy consumption to attain sustainable development by increasing the LCF in India.     

Diversity and organizational innovation: The role of employee involvement

This study examined the interactive effects of workplace diversity and employee involvement on organizational innovation. Using a sample of 182 large Canadian organizations, we found a three‐way interaction between level of employee involvement, variation in involvement, and racioethnic diversity on innovation. In organizations with high levels of employee involvement, high variation in involvement was associated with higher involvement levels among racioethnic minorities, resulting in a stronger association between diversity and innovation. Furthermore, the association between White employee involvement and innovation was significantly more positive under the condition of high involvement among racioethnic minority group members. Thus, ensuring high levels of involvement among members of historically marginalized racioethnic groups enhances the innovation effects of employee empowerment systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How to foster agroecological innovations? A comparison of participatory design methods

Facing contemporary environmental crisis implies fostering agroecological innovations that take into account local ecological regulations and rely on multiple stakeholders' innovation capacities. This paper draws on two fields of literature that remain unconnected so far: participatory approaches and design sciences. It proposes an analysis grid to support a reflexive analysis of cases of implementation of three participatory design methods: ComMod (Companion Modelling for concerted management of natural resources), Forage Rummy (simulation-based board game for designing farming systems) and KCP (collective design workshops to foster innovation). This analysis highlights key features of the methods in view of agroecological innovation challenges, focusing on knowledge management and organisation for exploration.     

毒死蜱在香蕉、土壤中的残留动态及安全性评价

为了监测香蕉中毒死蜱的残留量,科学、安全地使用毒死蜱防治香蕉上的害虫,确保产品质量,采用气相色谱法及田间试验方法,研究了毒死蜱在香蕉及其土壤中的残留降解动态.结果表明:在香蕉中,毒死蜱的原始沉积量较高,残留降解规律符合一级动力学关系,推荐剂量和加倍剂量处理的降解动态方程分别为y=1.0724e-014149t和y=1.7840e-0.1468t,半衰期(T1/2)为4.8 d,降解99％所需要的时间(T0.99)为31.4～31.8d;在土壤中,毒死蜱的残留降解动态方程为y=6.4365e-1412t,T1/2为4.9d,T0.99为32.7 d.距第2次施药后60～68d,最终在香蕉与土壤中均未检出毒死蜱残留量(检出限为0.005mg/kg).研究表明,漳州蕉区在香蕉生产上科学、合理地施用毒死蜱,其最终残留符合NY/T 750-2011规定的MRL要求,不会对蕉园土壤环境造成污染.