EPC模式下ESCO市场行为特征与演变规律

既有建筑节能改造核心实施主体——ESCO市场行为直接影响既有建筑节能改造市场发展,分析了EPC模式下既有建筑节能改造ESCO市场行为的目标性、利他性、有限理性、环境适宜性等特征,揭示了EPC模式下ESCO行业规模扩张、发展趋于规范、市场细分多元化、服务业务整体化的行为演变规律,以期为既有建筑节能改造市场治理研究奠定分析...     

Corrosion on cultural heritage buildings in Italy: A role for ozone?

Because of climatic reasons and of reduced concentrations of SO₂, ground-level ozone (O₃) is one of the main air pollutants in Southern Europe. Ozone levels are very high both in rural and urban locations. In the cities, O₃ can affect human health and materials. Regarding materials, most relevant is the exposure to pollutants of cultural heritage buildings. In particular, monuments registered on UNESCO's list of the world heritage require special monitoring. In Italy 34% and 97% of the territory is exposed to corrosion risk higher than the tolerable level for limestone and copper, respectively. The tolerable corrosion level for limestone and copper was also exceeded in the central area of Milan. In this area the tolerable O₃ concentration for copper was calculated. These concentrations (ranging between 30 and 40 μg/m³) cannot be exceeded at unchanged concentration of other pollutants to maintain corrosion levels below the tolerable ones.     

Laser cleaning of historical limestone buildings in Bordeaux appraisal using cathodoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance

BACKGROUND: Most historical buildings in Bordeaux city are made of limestone. This yellowish-white rock is rather porous and highly sensitive to pollution. As a consequence of local weathering conditions, these buildings present a dark appearance due to the development of a superficial dark grey to black crust. METHODS: For the last decade, a campaign has been underway to clean these buildings. Eleven techniques of surface treatment have been used, including laser beam technology. As a contribution to the study of laser beam effects on stone buildings, two analytical methods have been used on clean versus unclean surfaces: Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), in addition to SEM-EDX and XRD. RESULTS: The black crust is composed of different types of particles: carbon porous micro-particles of industrial origin, atmospheric dust due to the erosion of soils and rocks, alumino-silicate particles from urban pollution; all these particles being cemented by gypsum. DISCUSSION: As far as heritage conservation is concerned, the laser surface treatment not only preserves the original patina of the stone, but also leaves surface smoothness unaltered. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: CL and EPR data confirm that lasers--with highly controlled parameters--only get rid of the black crust and, thus, reveal the underneath layer, the so-called patina. This patina shows no luminescence, whereas the limestone on which it has grown shows a bright orange emission of CL. This indicates CL to be a fast and easy way to provide a high quality control for the restoration of polluted ancient stones.     

建筑火灾风险综合评价对火灾保险费率影响的研究

保险人为了降低建筑火灾后巨额的损失赔付,需要在承保时对建筑物进行火灾风险评价,进而根据评价结果确定保险费率的大小.论文根据高层建筑火灾风险的模糊综合评价模型及评价结果所在的等级范围,提出并建立了保险费率浮动的关系方程式.最后应用此模型和关系式对一幢高层建筑的火灾风险进行了评价,得出其防火安全等级和费率的浮动值.研究结果表明,所建立的方法为保险人确定费率浮动提供了依据,并为承保前的检查、承保后的核查,提供了系统的技术手段.     

风致弱振下高层建筑舒适性评价研究

基于结构安全的高层建筑理论计算模型所确定的结构动力特性与实测值往往有较大差别,这会使结构动力响应的计算及风振舒适度的评价产生较大误差。针对此问题,基于风振舒适度评价的目的,考虑填充墙、楼板装饰面层、楼梯和活荷载取值四种精细化模型修正因素,提出了基于舒适度评价的高层建筑精细化计算模型的一般构建方法。通过实测和理论分析对某沿海高层建筑的精细化计算模型进行了研究,对精细化模型的修正因素进行了探讨。结果表明:精细化模型修正因素中填充墙对结构动力特性的影响最大,精细化计算模型的动力特性与实测值更吻合,更准确地反映了结构真实的振动特性。精细化计算模型的研究工作可为此类高层建筑的风振舒适度评价提供借鉴。     

粉煤灰膏体管道输送特性分析与研究

粉煤灰膏体充填是目前最为有效的建筑物下采煤技术,料浆运送是实现充填开采的重要环节。结合数学和弹塑性力学对粉煤灰膏体流变特性进行了理论推导,完成了实验研究,从粒径、比重、颗粒形状和膏体浓度等方面对输送机理进行探讨,结果可为粉煤灰膏体充填开采技术应用提供重要技术支撑。     

建筑物外墙清洗技术综述

对于暴露在大气中的建筑物外墙进行定期的高效清洗,有利于保护建筑物、延长装饰周期、美化环境等.为了了解在建筑物外墙清洗技术领域中的进展,利用中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据库, 对近10多年来我国在建筑物外墙清洗技术领域的研究成果进行了检索和分析, 在此基础上提出了发展我国清洗技术的一些观点.     

钢结构工业建筑群火灾安全的设计与实现

结合工程实例,依据钢结构工业建筑群的耐火等级、火灾危险性对其进行防火保护、消防给水系统及火灾自动报警系统的设计,对主厂房内火灾重点部位增加电视监控系统重点监控,并注重日常的火灾安全管理,保证了钢结构工业建筑群的火灾安全.     

Human behaviour and evacuation time for large underground comprehensive buildings during fire risk process

Human factors play an indispensable role in process safety during fire risk process. Fire evacuation of underground comprehensive buildings is a critical consideration for practical importance. Here, evacuation experiments were conducted in the Guangzhou East Railway Station Plaza, a large underground comprehensive building in Guangdong, China, with the plaza occupants as the participants. The evacuation factors, namely evacuation time and evacuee-selected evacuation routes, were evaluated using empirical equations (the Togawa model and the Melinek and Booth model) and evacuation modelling software (EVACNET 4 and composite occupant evacuation model). The experimental data were used to verify the empirical equations and evacuation models and to modify specific empirical parameters. The effect on escape route judgement and selection under emergency situations was analysed. The results demonstrated that direct access to outdoor exits could considerably reduce evacuation time. The experimental N and t_s were 1 person/m·s and 28 s, respectively. The total evacuation time was 281 s, and the EVACNET 4 and composite models’ simulations of safe evacuation were 285–290 s, which was consistent with the experimental data—validating the high accuracy and applicability of the models.     

关于如何减轻我国村镇居住建筑地震灾害的建议

本文在考察了我国七省、市近２００个村、镇后指出，我国农村正在兴起一个居住建筑更新换代的高潮，但是几乎所有的村镇建筑都忽视对地震的预防，没有进行必要的抗震性能设计。如果全国村、镇房屋抗震性能低下的隐患如不加以迅速纠正，在未来可能的地震中必将造成极其惨重的损失。为此呼呈政府领导应该重视这一现实，并迅速抓住目前这一村、镇建筑大发展的时机，全面实行抗震设计，消除隐患。