超临界二氧化碳流体萃取土壤中有机污染物的研究进展

就近年来人们利用超临界二氧化碳流体对有机污染物污染的土壤所做的研究工作以及所取得的成果进行了总结。     

清洁的胡椒基T醚生产工艺的研究I,5-丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化废水的处理

报道了胡椒基丁醚生产中５－丙基－１，３－苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化的废水处理，该废水经蒸馏可回收９４％的盐酸，此酸吸收氯化氢后浓度在３６％以上，可再用于氯甲基化反应。蒸馏残液经分油、Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理和五次生炭柱吸附后ＣＯＤＣｒ等项指标均可国家二类污染物的一级排放标准。     

国家机动车排污控制管理数据库系统

介绍了“国家机动车排污控制管理系统”数据库的研制、特点及使用方法。该数据库存储了大量的城市环境概况、机动车排放因子、排放标准、燃油标准和排放控制对策等信息，能系统、准确的提供国家级相关数据及法律依据，使各级环保部门和政府决策部门能迅速、准确地掌握全国或某城市的有关机动车的静态或动态的污染排放综合情况     

减排温室气体的经济手段：许可证交易和税收政策

温室气体的减排是当前国际社会关心的热点环境问题。本文首先从分析采用经济手段减排温室气体的潜在利弊出发，对温室气体排放交易和国际碳税进行了深入的分析比较。最后，提出了我国响应减排温室气体经济政策的若干建议。     

汽车内二氧化碳污染与通风模式

不同车速下,对四种通风模式(A关闭通风口和风扇、B关闭通风口打开风扇、C打开通风口关闭风扇、D打开通风口和风扇)车内二氧化碳浓度进行分析研究。通风口关闭的状态,无论是否打开风扇及车速快慢,车内CO2浓度严重超标。通风口打开:不开风扇,以50km/h速度行驶,车内CO2浓度高于标准限量;速度提高到80km/h,车内CO2浓度可低于标准限量,通风口和缝隙的换气可以保障车内的空气质量;而打开风扇可以有效排除车内污染物。车速提高,各种通风模式的换气量都增加,属于缝隙换气贡献的比例增加,属于风扇换气贡献的比例减小,属于通风口换气贡献比例变化不大。基于研究结果,提出了一些减少车内污染的通风方式建议。     

实施总量控制与环境技术市场发展

实施总量控制为环境技术市场的发展创造了条件，对环保产业提出了更高的要求，也将推动环境技术市场竞争正常化。     

北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究

为了调查北京市汞污染状况及其来源，选择二个主要工业区石景山区和朝阳区为研究对象．共采集表层土壤２６个，剖面样品４个，对照土壤样品４个，并且在冬季采集降雪样品和枯叶样品，分析汞含量．结果表明，燃煤烟尘排放的汞是北京市汞的主要来源，汽车尾气和化工厂泄漏可使局部汞含量增高，表层土壤中汞含量为００７—２７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．土壤剖面中的汞含量在０—１００ｃｍ土层中均较高，其含量与土壤有机质和碳酸盐含量正相关．降雪中汞在０７—３７ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，明显高于背景值，其中大部分吸附在颗粒物上．枯叶中汞主要是从土壤吸收，并且有可能被雨水淋溶出来．     

Carbon Budget Implications of the Transition from Natural to Managed Disturbance Regimes in Forest Landscapes

Land-use change from an unmanaged to a managed forested landscape in northern forests is associated with a reduction of the area annually affected by natural disturbances (wildfires and forest insects) and the introduction of harvesting as a new disturbance. This study examined the impacts of changes in the disturbance regime-the frequency and type of disturbance-on landscape-level carbon (C) content and fluxes. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector was used to assess these impacts in six representative landscapes (100,000 ha each) with a range of disturbance regimes that are characteristic of conditions in coastal British Columbia, the interior of British Columbia, and the eastern boreal forest in Canada. The model was used to simulate ecosystem C fluxes during a period of natural disturbances, a 50-year transition period during which harvesting replaced natural disturbances, followed by 150 years of harvesting. The initial landscape-level biomass C content under natural disturbance regimes in the six example landscapes was 22 to 75% of their potential maximum content which is often used as the reference or baseline case. After 200 years of forest management, the C stored in the landscape plus the C retained in forest products manufactured from harvested biomass was between 58 and 101% of the landscape C content prior to the onset of harvesting. Landscape-level ecosystem C content was found to be affected by changes in the disturbance frequency, the age-dependence of the disturbance probabilities, and the disturbance-specific impacts on ecosystem C content. The results indicate that using the potential maximum C content of a landscape as the baseline always overestimates the actual C release due to land use change. A more meaningful procedure would be to assess the actual differences in landscape-level C content between the natural and the managed disturbance regime.     

砖瓦厂含氟废气的治理

通过实验选取了一种固氟剂添加到砖坯中后，砖块的存氟率为９１０％，烟道气总氟排放降低率为７６７８％。连续五年的生物检测试验，没有发生任何家蚕氟中毒现象。固氟剂的应用为砖厂含氟废气的治理提供了一条新的途径     

船舶柴油机NOx后处理技术的进展

根据国内外的降低NOx排放方面最新的成果和科研动态，主要介绍了当前正在研究或者已经应用于实际的有效降低柴油机NOx排放的技术措施，并分析了各种技术方法的特点和在实际应用过程中面临的问题。