清洁取暖对保定市采暖期PM2.5中碳质气溶胶的影响

为了研究清洁取暖措施对保定市PM_2.5中碳质气溶胶浓度和来源的影响,于2014年和2019年冬季采暖期在保定市采集PM_2.5样品,用DRI Model 2001A热光碳分析仪测定样品中OC和EC的浓度.结果表明,2014年采暖期PM_2.5中ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)平均值分别为60.92μg·m^-3和18.15μg·m^-3,2019年采暖期PM_2.5中ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)平均值分别为36.63μg·m^-3和6.07μg·m^-3,与2014年相比2019年OC、 EC浓度分别下降了39.87%和66.56%,EC下降幅度大于OC,且2019年气象条件与2014年相比更不利于污染物扩散.通过对OC和EC相关性分析和SOC估算,发现2014年和2019年保定市OC和EC相关性R²分别为0.874和0.811,表明保定市OC和EC具有较为一致的来源.2014年和2019年ρ(SOC)的平均值分别为16...     

基于响应曲面法的臭氧生成敏感性分析

准确判断臭氧(O₃)生成敏感性对O₃污染成因分析和防控对策的制定至关重要.首次利用响应曲面方法设计最优试验方案,基于盒子模式模拟结果,快速量化O₃对其前体物变化的响应.结果表明,CO对O₃有正贡献,NO_x和VOCs与O₃呈现显著非线性关系,当φ(VOCs)与[φ(NO_x)-13.75]比值大于4.17时,为NO_x控制区,小于4.17时,为VOCs控制区;烯烃为影响O₃生成的关键VOCs组分,当φ(烯烃)与[φ(NO_x)-15]比值小于1.10且φ(烯烃)<35×10^-9时,烯烃有利于O₃的生成.响应曲面法在多因素和其交互作用对O₃生成影响的研究中取得了良好效果,为高效判断O₃敏感性提供了新的思路和方法.     

基于不同电力需求的中国减污降碳协同增效路径

当前我国同时面临改善生态环境质量和实现碳达峰碳中和两大战略任务,协同推进减污降碳已成为我国经济社会发展全面绿色转型的必然选择,电力部门在转型过程中将发挥重要作用.面向不同的电力需求情景,构建低成本实现碳达峰、碳中和的多目标模型,求解得出减污降碳协同增效最优路径方案.结果表明,在如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的前提下,减污和降碳协同性较好,两者协同控制可高效助力低碳转型的实现;优化电力部门发电结构是实现减污降碳协同增效的关键措施,研究期火电占比不断下降,清洁电力占比超过92.5%;不同电力需求下二氧化碳和主要大气污染物排放量有明显差异,其中二氧化碳排放量受电力需求影响最大,低电力需求、中等电力需求和高电力需求情景下峰值二氧化碳排放量分别为94.16亿、 104.09亿和107.46亿t,主要污染物二氧化硫、氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放同样表现出在低电力需求、中等电力需求和高电力需求情景下依次递增的趋势.电力需求的提高仅增加了电力部门内部发电结构调整的压力,未影响到其他部门的产量和活动水平,即电力需求导致的电力部门减排压力未表现出部门间传递的趋势.     

中国碳排放及影响因素的市域尺度分析

评估区域碳排放及其与社会经济状况的关系对于制定碳减排措施至关重要.以中国339个地级及以上城市(不含新疆部分城市和港澳台地区)为研究对象,探究了非化石能源占比、土地开发度、常住人口城镇化率、第二产业占比、人均GDP和人均建设用地面积对人均CO₂排放量的影响.通过构建模拟人均CO₂排放量的贝叶斯信念网络,识别各因素对人均CO₂排放量的全局影响;采用多尺度地理加权回归模型,分析各因素对人均CO₂排放量的局部影响.结果表明：(1)2020年,中国地级及以上城市人均CO₂排放量呈现出由南向北递增,东部沿海向内陆递减的格局.(2)从全局来看,人均CO₂排放量对各因素的敏感性从高到低依次为：人均建设用地面积>人均GDP>常住人口城镇化率>土地开发度>第二产业占比>非化石能源占比.(3)从局部来看,各因素与人均CO₂排放量的空间关系方向与全局关系一致,关系强度上存在空间异质性.(4)清洁能源、脱碳技术、土地节约集约利用...     

Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

Non-mosaic trisomy 20 presenting at 21 weeks' gestation as a thoraco-abdominal mass

Non-mosaic trisomy 20 is rare in fetuses surviving beyond the first trimester. We report a case of a fetus with non-mosaic trisomy 20 in amniotic fluid cultures obtained during the prenatal evaluation of an unusual thoraco-abdominal mass which was found at autopsy to be pulmonary sequestration. Gross inspection and autopsy of the fetus revealed multiple anomalies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Carbon Emission by Soils in Forests Damaged by the Siberian Moth

In the southern-taiga low grass–green moss fir forest completely defoliated by the Siberian moth, the rate of soil respiration in the third year after the pest population outbreak was 1.5 times higher than in an undisturbed tree stand. This was explained by a significant increase in the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms in the pest-defoliated forest, which occurred due to the qualitative changes in the litter composition and the increased temperature and moisture in the upper soil layers. The rate of carbon emission from the soil in the defoliated forest was 41.7 kg/ha per day, compared to 28.3 kg/ha per day in the undisturbed fir forest.     

Elements of Carbon Balance in Oligotrophic Bogs

Elements of carbon balance of oligotrophic bogs were studied using an example of the landscape profile of the Klyuch River in 1998–2000. Carbon balance was preliminarily calculated taking into account the biological productivity, release of carbon dioxide and methane, and carbon outflow with bog waters. Based on the data obtained on the carbon inflow and outflow, the conclusion was made concerning the progressive peat formation in the region studied.     

Preparation and performance of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon prepared via sol-gel TiO2

Preparation of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon （AC） is the key step for the practical application of in situ regeneration of exhausted AC. A novel photocatalytic regenerationable AC was prepared by sol-gel TiO2 in this work. The adsorption and regeneration performance of TiO2/AC were evaluated using phenol as model compound. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and nitrogen （77 K） adsorption isotherm were used to determine the surface area, pore structure and the distribution of TiO2. The results showed that with the increase of TiO2 loading, adsorption capacity of TiO2/AC decreased and the regeneration efficiency increased. The photocatalytic regenerationable AC with suitable TiO2 loading （2 wt%） exhibited suitable adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. TiO2 located mainly in the entrance of macro-pore of carbon. The prepared TiO2/AC exhibited similar surface structure and pore structure with material carbon.     

Photocatalytic degradation of L-acid by TiO2 supported on the activated carbon

Introduction Aromatic sulfonic acid, which is produced in large amounts in chemical industry since the end of 19th century, has been widely applied in many industrial processes, including the various steps of procedure (Alonso and Barcelo, 2000). Naphthalene- sulfonic acids are of importance as dye intermediates and commonly used in the textile auxiliary industry employing many azo dyes and pigments. Among them, 1-naphthol-5-sulphonic acid (L-acid) is widely used in the printing as the raw ma…