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591.
Schaeffer Roberto Logan Jeffrey Szklo Alexandre Salem Chandler William de Souza Marques João Carlos 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2001,6(1):47-69
This study analyzes the options for meeting power demand in the Brazilianpower sector through the year 2015. Three policy cases are constructedto test economic and environmental policy measures against a baseline:advanced technologies scenario, environmental control scenario and carbon(C) elimination scenario. Least-cost modeling simulated these scenarios throughchanges in emissions fees and caps, costs for advanced technologies,demand side efficiency, and clean energy supplies. Results show that, in theabsence of alternative policies, new additions to Brazil's electric powersector will shift rapidly from hydroelectricity to combined-cycle natural gasplants. When the cost of environmental impacts are incorporated in theprice of power, the least-cost mix of electric power generation technologycould change in other ways. In all scenarios, energy efficiency andcogeneration play an important role in the least-cost power solution. Savingelectricity through increased efficiency offsets the needs for new supply andhas enormous potential in Brazil's industrial sector. Efficiency also reducesthe environmental burden associated with electricity production andtransmission, without compromising the quality of the services demandedby end users. Interesting enough, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will remainrelatively low under almost every conceivable scenario. 相似文献
592.
593.
介绍用活性炭和天然锰砂作反应剂交互作用处理镀水的研究,实验结果表明,活性炭:天少=2:3,加鼓氧,静置后过滤,废水处理效率更好,Zn^2+的去除率达99.8%,Fe^3+去除率达99.6%,废水PH值上升到6.0达到国家废水排放标准。 相似文献
594.
利用毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中的丙烯酰胺 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
本文采用毛细管色谱法建立了水和废水中丙烯酰胺的测定程序。以活性炭柱吸附、浓缩样品中的丙烯酰胺,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液用FID测定。方法回收率为83.1~99.0%,相对标准偏差为5.34%,检出限为0.016mg/L。 相似文献
595.
Will Simplified Modalities and Procedures Make More Small-Scale Forestry Projects Viable Under the Clean Development Mechanism? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bruno Locatelli Lucio Pedroni 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):621-643
Simplified modalities and procedures (M&P) are expected to increase the viability of small-scale project activities under
the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). A small-scale afforestation or reforestation (AR) project is defined as a project removing
less than 8 kilotons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per year. Depending on the project type and the method for measuring scale, 8 kilotons of CO2e per year correspond to highly diverse areas, possibly ranging from 200 to 6000 ha. Using a model to calculate the minimum
project scale above which the CDM is a positive financial incentive for eligible AR project activities, the paper analyzes
whether a reduction of transaction costs under simplified M&P will be a sufficient incentive to motivate small-scale participation
in the CDM. Model results show that, even under optimistic assumptions on carbon market conditions and transaction costs,
small-scale project activities will not benefit from simplified M&P. Results also show that project activities removing more
than 8 kilotons of CO2e per year and registered as small-scale would be the ones that could benefit the most from simplified M&P. It is concluded
that the participation of small-scale project activities to the CDM requires more than simplified M&P, the price of expiring
Certified Emission Reductions being one of the most critical parameters. 相似文献
596.
颗粒活性炭对UASB处理垃圾渗滤液促进作用的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对比研究,考查了用UASB处理垃圾渗滤液时,投加颗粒活性炭对加速UASB反应器中污泥颗粒化进程、缩短启动时间、提高处理效果的影响。结果显示:启动时间缩短了近1/3,最大有机负荷提高近40%且出现了更大颗粒污泥,但COD去除效率没有明显提高。 相似文献
597.
Black carbon (BC) in surface sediments from Henan section of Yellow River and Huaihe River, China, was determined. Average content of BC in Huaihe River was 0.33%, higher than that in Yellow River (n?=?23) with mean value of 0.15%. Distribution patterns of BC in Yellow River and Huaihe River were similar, namely that tributaries had higher BC content than main stream. In addition, BC content in the mainstream of Yellow River and Huaihe River decreased with altitude. The BC content presented a significant positive correlation with clay (r?=?0.672; p?<?0.01) content in Yellow River, while neither did in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC ranged from 1.8–57.4% (median 29.6%), evidencing pyrogenic fossil fuel source of BC in Yellow River. Relatively low values of BC/TOC in Huaihe River (5.3%–28.8%, median 7.5%,) reflected that the origin of BC is from burning of biomass. In addition, Pearson rank correlation analysis showed that BC was in strong correlation with lighter PAH in Yellow River, while BC was in significant correlation with heavier PAH in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC indicated that BC in Yellow River mainly came from fossil fuel combustion, while BC in Huaihe River was primarily from biomass burning. 相似文献
598.
599.
Chuang CL Chiang PC Chang EE 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(1):6-8
An activated carbon bed adsorption process is influenced by the adsorbents' characteristics, volatile organic compound (VOC) characteristics, and process conditions. In the literatures, the adsorption processes of the adsorbents and VOCs were usually considered to be in equilibrium. In this study, the VOC adsorption processes by activated carbon were considered to be a kinetic process, i.e. they are not in equilibrium. Then, isothermal adsorption curves and a small column experiment were simulated. 相似文献
600.
Edward Heyse Dongping Dai P. Suresh C. Rao Joseph J. Delfino 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1997,25(3-4)
This paper introduces a new reversible-flow design for a continuously stirred reactor used to study sorption mass transfer in soil and solvent systems. The stirred reactor has potential advantages over conventional packed column or batch reactors because it isolates intraparticle sorption rate limitations from advective-dispersive transport, yet allows changes to flux through the reactor for analysis of sorption kinetics under dynamic conditions. Previously, stirred reactors have often failed due to clogging of sediment on the effluent frit. The reverse-flow backwashing design allows longer life and higher confidence in maintaining mixed conditions than previous designs. Mass transfer 'rate coefficients estimated from stirred and column experiments are compared; both techniques produced results consistent with a published correlation. The data also show that fitted sorption mass transfer coefficients can be strongly dependent on the choice of equilibrium partition coefficient (i.e. batch or first-moment derived values), and that the conventional two-site sorption kinetics model fails to accurately predict sorption mass transfer in the presence of changing solvent velocity through the reactor. 相似文献