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排序方式: 共有306条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
基于日本GOSAT及美国AIRS反演数据产品,对我国中部六省大气CO2时空分布特征进行研究,结果表明:由GOSAT反演的中部地区2010~2013年大气CO2年均柱浓度由389.36×10-6增长到396.52×10-6,年均绝对增长率达2.39×10-6/a,呈现出冬春季高值、夏秋季低值的季节变化特征,其柱浓度年均值及去长期趋势后的月均值均略低于长三角地区,高于京津冀和东三省地区;其CO2柱浓度高值区集中在湖南、江西及周边一带,年均绝对增长率为2.01×10-6,其柱浓度年均值及去长期趋势后的月均值与长三角地区相当,略低于京津冀和东三省地区,由于受地面源汇影响较小,其与GOSAT反演结果相反,可能是由于AIRS反映了对流层中层大气状况,而GOSAT则更多地反映了近地面层大气CO2变化. 相似文献
2.
江西九岭地体南缘武功山地体北侧以及其间的萍乐盆地内,有大量的逆冲推覆构造分布。逆冲推覆构造的类型有两种──逆冲推覆型和重力滑覆型。逆冲推覆构造具有横向上对冲挤压,纵向上多层滑动的特征,据此笔者建立了一个可能的多层滑动──对冲挤压模式,并根据地质和同位素年龄资料讨论了逆冲推覆构造的演化历史,指出区内大规模逆冲推覆构造的形成时间为中生代晚期(119.6Ma)。 相似文献
3.
中美环境行政听证程序的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境进政听证是促进环境行政主管部门公正行使权力、保护环境行政管理相对人合法权利的法定程序。比较中美环境行政听政程序在沿革,体系,具体内容,适用范围等方面的特点,探讨完善中国环境行政听证的途径。 相似文献
4.
Scott Murtishaw Jayant Sathaye Christina Galitsky Kristel Dorion 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):645-665
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA)
conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation
of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one
for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting.
Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent
years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to
estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh
(using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants
offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the
rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of
their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh.
Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central
America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output
data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from
205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement. 相似文献
5.
6.
随着计算机网络的不断发展,现有的防火墙体系已不能满足要求,发展新的网络防火墙技术已非常重要.分布式防火墙具有明显的防护优势,了解分布式防火墙技术,并在实际应Ζ用中用好它,已成为保障我们网络安全的必要. 相似文献
7.
ANNA M. PIDGEON CURTIS H. FLATHER VOLKER C. RADELOFF CHRISTOPHER A. LEPCZYK NICHOLAS S. KEULER ERIC M. WOOD SUSAN I. STEWART ROGER B. HAMMER 《Conservation biology》2014,28(5):1291-1301
As people encroach increasingly on natural areas, one question is how this affects avian biodiversity. The answer to this is partly scale‐dependent. At broad scales, human populations and biodiversity concentrate in the same areas and are positively associated, but at local scales people and biodiversity are negatively associated with biodiversity. We investigated whether there is also a systematic temporal trend in the relationship between bird biodiversity and housing development. We used linear regression to examine associations between forest bird species richness and housing growth in the conterminous United States over 30 years. Our data sources were the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the 2000 decennial U.S. Census. In the 9 largest forested ecoregions, housing density increased continually over time. Across the conterminous United States, the association between bird species richness and housing density was positive for virtually all guilds except ground nesting birds. We found a systematic trajectory of declining bird species richness as housing increased through time. In more recently developed ecoregions, where housing density was still low, the association with bird species richness was neutral or positive. In ecoregions that were developed earlier and where housing density was highest, the association of housing density with bird species richness for most guilds was negative and grew stronger with advancing decades. We propose that in general the relationship between human settlement and biodiversity over time unfolds as a 2‐phase process. The first phase is apparently innocuous; associations are positive due to coincidence of low‐density housing with high biodiversity. The second phase is highly detrimental to biodiversity, and increases in housing density are associated with biodiversity losses. The long‐term effect on biodiversity depends on the final housing density. This general pattern can help unify our understanding of the relationship of human encroachment and biodiversity response. Patrones Sistemáticos Temporales en la Relación entre Desarrollos Urbanos y la Biodiversidad de Aves de Bosque 相似文献
8.
Agroforestry systems have substantial potential to conserve native biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. In particular, agroforestry systems have the potential to conserve native tree diversity and sequester carbon for climate change mitigation. However, little research has been conducted on the temporal stability of species diversity and aboveground carbon stocks in these systems or the relation between species diversity and aboveground carbon sequestration. We measured changes in shade‐tree diversity and shade‐tree carbon stocks in 14 plots of a 35‐ha coffee cooperative over 9 years and analyzed relations between species diversity and carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration was positively correlated with initial species richness of shade trees. Species diversity of shade trees did not change significantly over the study period, but carbon stocks increased due to tree growth. Our results show a potential for carbon sequestration and long‐term biodiversity conservation in smallholder coffee agroforestry systems and illustrate the opportunity for synergies between biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Interacciones entre el Secuestro de Carbono y la Diversidad de Árboles de Sombra en una Cooperativa de Café de Pequeños Agricultores en El Salvador 相似文献
9.
Derek Vollmer Maíra Ometto Bezerra Natalia Acero Martínez Octavio Rodríguez Ortiz Ivo Encomenderos Maria Clara Marques Lina Serrano-Durn Isabelle Fauconnier Raymond Yu Wang 《Ambio》2021,50(4):870
Quantitative assessments have long been used to evaluate the condition of the natural environment, providing information for standard setting, adaptive management, and monitoring. Similar approaches have been developed to measure environmental governance, however, the end result (e.g., numeric indicators) belies the subjective and normative judgments that are involved in evaluating governance. We demonstrate a framework that makes this information transparent, through an application of the Freshwater Health Index in three different river basins in Latin America. Water Governance is measured on a 0–100 scale, using data derived from perception-based surveys administered to stakeholders. Results suggest that water governance is a primary area of concern in all three places, with low overall scores (Guandu-26, Alto Mayo-38, Bogotá-43). We conclude that this approach to measuring governance at the river basin scale provides valuable information to support monitoring and decision making, and we offer suggestions on how it can be improved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01407-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
10.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, river restoration projects are increasing, but many lack strategic planning and monitoring. We tested the applicability of a rapid visual social–ecological stream assessment method for restoration planning, complemented by a citizen survey on perceptions and uses of blue and green infrastructure. We applied the method at three urban streams in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) to identify and prioritize preferred areas for nature-based solutions. The method provides spatially explicit information for strategic river restoration planning, and its efficiency makes it suitable for use in data-poor contexts. It identifies well-preserved, moderately altered, and critically impaired areas regarding their hydromorphological and socio-cultural conditions, as well as demands on green and blue infrastructure. The transferability of the method can be improved by defining reference states for assessing the hydromorphology of tropical rivers, refining socio-cultural parameters to better address river services and widespread urban challenges, and balancing trade-offs between ecological and social restoration goals.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01565-3. 相似文献