西部如何吸引环保资金

分析了西部开发中环保与技术进入西部较缓慢的原因,提出了相应的解决办法;如要拓宽西部环保的投资渠道,改变环保意识与观念的落后,改革西部经济体制等,以实现“开发西部环保先行”的发展战略。     

EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON CHANNEL INSTABILITY1

ABSTRACT: Channel instability and aquatic ecosystem degradation have been linked to watershed imperviousness in humid regions of the U.S. In an effort to provide a more process‐based linkage between observed thresholds of aquatic ecosystem degradation and urbanization, standard single event approaches (U.S. Geological Survey Flood Regression Equations and rational) and continuous hydrologic models (HSPF and CASC2D) were used to examine potential changes in flow regime associated with varying levels of watershed imperviousness. The predicted changes in flow parameters were then interpreted in concert with risk‐based models of channel form and instability. Although low levels of imperviousness (10 to 20 percent) clearly have the potential to destabilize streams, changes in discharge, and thus stream power, associated with increased impervious area are highly variable and dependent upon watershed‐specific conditions. In addition to the storage characteristics of the pre‐development watershed, the magnitude of change is sensitive to the connectivity and conveyance of impervious areas as well as the specific characteristics of the receiving channels. Different stream types are likely to exhibit varying degrees and types of instability, depending on entrenchment, relative erodibility of bed and banks, riparian condition, mode of sediment transport (bedload versus suspended load), and proximity to geomorphic thresholds. Nonetheless, simple risk‐based analyses of the potential impacts of land use change on aquatic ecosystems have the potential to redirect and improve the effectiveness of watershed management strategies by facilitating the identification of channels that may be most sensitive to changes in stream power.     

硫酸镁调节SO2衍生物对大鼠海马神经元钠通道的刺激作用

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了硫酸镁(MgSO4)对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元电压门控性钠通道的调节作用.结果表明,MgSO4对SO2衍生物增大大鼠海马神经元钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,此作用随着SO2衍生物浓度的增加而减弱,随着MgSO4浓度的增加而增强.不同时间加入MgSO4均会显著抑制SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应,说明MgSO4不仅对SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,而且可即时和延效性地抑制此损伤效应的发生.研究结果提示,硫酸镁对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元钠通道具有抑制作用,这可能是MgSO4对SO2引发的中枢神经系统损伤具有防护和治疗作用的机制之一.图4参14     

京津冀地区典型城市秋冬季PM2.5输送特征研究

运用潜在源贡献分析（PSCF）方法,识别了2018年秋冬季京津冀地区典型城市北京,唐山和石家庄PM_2.5的潜在污染源区;基于气象-空气质量模式（WRF-CAMx）和传输通量计算方法定量评估了与其周边省市之间PM_2.5的传输贡献,识别了三个典型城市PM_2.5的传输路径,揭示了PM_2.5传输净通量的垂直分布特征.结果表明,三个城市秋冬季PSCF高值主要集中在河北南部,河南东北部和山西中东部地区;秋冬季PM_2.5均以本地贡献影响为主（51.78%~68.40%）,外来贡献为辅（31.60%~48.22%）,不同季节贡献率有所波动.整个观测期间,近地面主要表现为毗邻城市向北京和石家庄输送PM_2.5,而唐山主要表现为向外输送PM_2.5,净通量最大值出现在海拔0~50m,其净通量为-99.47t/d.同时鉴别出了一条主要的传输路径,即西南-东北方向.     

长江汉口边滩防洪及环境综合治理的研究

武汉市国管院批准的防洪重点城市，长江武汉河段是重点治理河段之一。该河段河道演变复杂，洲滩冲淤，是影响主流，航道变迁及汛期泄洪。左岸汉口边滩上密集的房屋，杂乱无序，成为行洪障碍及污染污染源，破坏环境及景观。市政府决定实施防洪及环境综合治理，该工程属省，部级重大科研项目。从定，动床河工模型试验及环境保护进行分析研究。定床试验，研究工程实施后，本河段的水位，流速，流态及天兴洲左右汊分流比的变化；动床试验，研究在不同典型水文年条件下的河势，河道冲淤变化及疏浚区的回淤回，为治理方案的优化比选及工程决策提供科学依据。这是长江干流滨江城市河道整治的先声，是城市规划建设中环境保护工程实施的首例，意义非常和重大。     

DISCHARGE AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PATTERNS OF AN INTERMITTENT COLD DESERT STREAM1

Sage Creek in south‐central Wyoming is listed as impaired by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) due to its sediment contribution to the North Platte River. Despite the magnitude of sediment impacts on streams, little research has been conducted to characterize patterns of sediment transport or to model suspended sediment concentration in many arid western U.S. streams. This study examined the relationship between stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration near the Sage Creek and North Platte River confluence from 1998 through 2003. The objectives were to determine patterns of stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration, produce a sediment prediction model, and compare sediment concentrations for the six‐year period. Stream discharge and suspended sediment transport responded rapidly to convective storms and spring runoff events. During the study period, events exceeding 0.23 m³/s accounted for 92 percent of the sediment load, which is believed to originate from erodible headwater uplands. Further analysis of these data indicates that time series modeling is superior to simple linear regression in predicting sediment concentration. Significant increases in suspended sediment concentration occurred in all years except 2003. This analysis suggests that a six‐year monitoring record was insufficient to factor out impacts from climate, geology, and historical sediment storage.     

南水北调中线工程中的引江济汉补偿工程

引江济汉是南水北调中线引汉调水的补偿工程,按总体规划应结合当地水利规划建设,不宜修成封闭的“高架”水渠只向汉江下游补水。遵循节约资源、保护环境、推动发展的思路,引江济汉应以江苏江水北调模式,扩展和延伸为引江入汉济黄,取代南水北调中线二期扩建工程。①引江入长湖利用沮漳河下游河道输水,并改造荆州城市水系,破解血吸虫病传播扩散、泥沙入湖和水源污染三大环境风险;②引江入汉利用长湖调蓄提水至兴隆水库,节省渠道长度;③碾盘山梯级采取一级二站抽水蓄能开发方式,简化汉江干流反向输水工程,抽江至崔家营水库,引清调度改善汉江中下游水质,又为黄河下游增加水资源量提供稳定可靠的水源;④从“南襄隘道”唐河东侧修建鄂豫运河,将长江水不经丹江口水库直接送达方城去郑州济黄,推进构建一条纵贯南北的水运干线。     

基于公众对区域水灾感知的灾害风险沟通探讨

了解公众对区域水灾的感知情况,为开展有效的风险沟通和风险管理提供基础依据。本文从公众层面入手,在长江流域的上中下游选择重庆、江西、安徽作为调查样区,调查公众对当地水灾的感知状况,共访谈10余个区县的207位居民,每人的访谈时间都在40 min以上。据此分析公众区域水灾感知水平与灾害风险沟通间的关系。调查中发现,在风险沟通的渠道方面：电视是村民接受风险信息的主要渠道,很少有人通过报纸或网络了解水灾水情。在风险沟通的内容方面：在灾害中不同的角色因其职责、信息渠道等的不同,风险沟通的内容有别。水灾认知中,存在着由于期望差异、乐观侥幸心理等导致的认知偏差。在风险沟通的手段方面：对于受灾居民而言,可以通过水灾知识普及、加强心理辅导或心理治疗等方式减少水灾带来的负面影响。另外,需要引导公众认识到防洪科技的有限性,减少麻痹、盲从心理及其行为。