湟水河流域地表水体微塑料分布、风险及影响因素

为探究我国青藏高原淡水环境中微塑料的分布情况,采用金相显微镜观察、傅里叶红外光谱测定、野外调查和影像数据分析等方法对青海省湟水河流域丰水期63个地表水样中微塑料的分布特征和影响因素进行分析,并依据风险指数（H）和污染负荷（PLI）指数模型评估了微塑料的潜在生态风险.结果表明,流域水体中微塑料丰度范围为665~8780 n ·m^-3,湟源县水系平均丰度最高,达5414 n ·m^-3,各支流丰度从上游到下游逐渐增大.微塑料中薄膜类和颗粒类分别占36%和33%,透明和黑色分别占67%和17%,粒径在0.45~50 μm的占70%,聚乙烯（66%）和聚丙烯（12%）为主要的聚合物类型.微塑料丰度与耕地面积、降水量和紫外线强度正相关,与溶解氧、氧化还原电位和风速显著负相关,微塑料的分布受人类活动和环境因子的共同影响.总体上湟水河流域地表水体中微塑料的潜在生态风险较低.     

陕西绥德地区黄土-古土壤序列地球化学特征及其环境指示意义

黄土高原北部的绥德地区处于干旱-半干旱地区,对环境变化的响应十分敏感,通过对黄土-古土壤的研究对比可以探索该区的古环境气候特征、环境变化信息等相关问题.本文对绥德黄土-古土壤进行常量、微量、稀土元素测试分析,并与其他地区黄土的地球化学特征进行了对比.结果 表明:绥德地区黄土-古土壤的主要化学成分以SiO2、Al2O3、...     

自然因素对环境空气质量的影响——以新疆昌吉市为例

本文以昌吉市为例,研究并分析了温度、风、气压三种自然因素对环境空气质量的影响.结果表明,影响环境空气质量的因素非常复杂,污染天气的形成与不利的自然气象因素密切相关.     

秦皇岛市4种常见绿化植物滞尘效应研究

通过对秦皇岛市4种常见绿化植物的叶片滞尘量、单株滞尘能力及相关因素的研究,发现绿化植物单位叶面积的滞尘量最大可以相差2.5倍左右,树种叶片滞尘能力的大小排序为：国槐＞悬铃木＞金银木＞连翘,单株滞尘能力的大小排序为：悬铃木＞国槐＞金银木＞连翘;绿化植物的滞尘量与环境中粉尘含量成正比,树木滞尘能力还与叶片表面性状、叶面积指数及植物所处环境等因素有关。     

长沙市灰霾天气与气象因子相关性研究

根据长沙市2013年PM2.5的逐日质量平均浓度、气象地面和高空观测数据,采用SPSS方法,分析了长沙市灰霾天气发生与气象因子的关系。结果表明:长沙市区的灰霾日以西北风向为主,PM2.5浓度与风速、降水呈显著负相关,与相对湿度、大气压、平均气温相关不明显。风速越小越不利于大气污染物的扩散,在没有降水的情况下,风速达到3.5m/s以上,空气质量才有好转;弱降水对污染物的浓度不会有明显的影响,降水量在5mm以下时,污染物的浓度不会有明显的下降,但强降水对空气有净化作用明显,在不同季节,不同时段,不同天气形势下降水的稀释作用不同;长沙秋冬季边界层稳定性几率高达80%以上,这种稳定层结构是长沙市区各种大气污染源不易扩散的重要因素之一。     

Effects of Land Use and Climate Change on Stream Temperature I: Daily Flow and Stream Temperature Projections

Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are a highly imperiled group of organisms that are at risk from rising stream temperatures (T). There is a need to understand the potential effects of land use (LU) and climate change (CC) on stream T and have a measure of uncertainty. We used available downscaled climate projections and LU change simulations to simulate the potential effects on average daily stream T from 2020 to 2060. Monte Carlo simulations were run, and a novel technique to analyze results was used to assess changes in hydrologic and stream T response. Simulations of daily mean T were used as input to our stochastic hourly T model. CC effects were on average two orders of magnitude greater than LU impacts on mean daily stream T. LU change affected stream T primarily in headwater streams, on average up to 2.1°C over short durations, and projected CC affected stream T, on average 2.1‐3.3°C by 2060. Daily mean flow and T ratios from Monte Carlo simulations indicated greater variance in the response of streamflow (up to 55%) to LU change than in the response of stream T (up to 9%), and greater variance in headwater stream segments compared to higher order stream segments for both streamflow and T response. Simulations indicated that combined effects of climate and LU change were not additive, suggesting a complex interaction and that forecasting long‐term stream T response requires simulating CC and LU change simultaneously.     

淮河流域新型城镇化水平的空间差异及其影响因素分析

以淮河流域31个地级市为研究对象,从人口、经济、生活和环境四个方面构建了新型城镇化水平的综合评价指标体系,利用熵值法对其综合城镇化水平及其子系统水平进行评价.结果表明,淮河流域地区新型城镇化发展水平存在较强的空间依赖性,即一个地区城镇化水平的提高通过空间溢出促进周边地区的城镇化发展,地区产业结构的变化是决定其新型城镇化水平的主要因素,尤其是第三产业发展对其影响极大.     

Bringing the Heat Home: Television Spots about Local Impacts Reduce Global Warming Denialism

ABSTRACT

Efforts to educate the general public about global warming and the potential policy solutions that could mitigate its effects have relied on the diffusion of facts. But, cognitive scientists have documented that psychologically distant events like global warming elicit less concern and motivation to act relative to immediate, proximal and certain events. This paper documents a quasi-experiment that tested the effect on attitudes of a television campaign that emphasized the temporally, geographically and socially proximal impacts of global warming on the ecosystems and business activity of a historically conservative area of the United States. The campaign aired on one cable provider. Subscribers of that and of competing providers in the same zip-codes were polled after the campaign. Respondents exposed to the campaign were more likely to believe that global warming is happening, to accept the scientific consensus, to be more concerned about impacts and more supportive of policy solutions.     

Is climate-smart conservation feasible in Europe? Spatial relations of protected areas,soil carbon,and land values

The expectations on protected areas to deliver not only biodiversity conservation but also to provide an array of different ecosystem services rise. Sequestration and storage of carbon are promising services that protected areas may provide. This study integrates spatially explicit data on terrestrial Natura 2000 sites, soil organic carbon, and agricultural land values to estimate the potential for climate-smart conservation planning in the European Union. The objectives of this study are to analyse spatial relations between protected areas soil carbon content, and land values on the European Union's land area as well as to locate and quantify the proportion of land with high carbon and low economic value within and outside protected areas. We apply a unique interdisciplinary framework with methods ranging from analyses based on geographical information systems, agricultural economics to statistics. Findings indicate that there is a significant overlap between Natura 2000 sites and regions with high carbon content across Europe. Statistical analyses show that carbon-rich regions have significantly lower land values than other areas. Our results suggest that biodiversity protection and mitigation of climate change through conservation of soil carbon could be simultaneously achieved in Europe's protected areas and beyond. We conclude that there is a notable potential for climate-smart conservation in Europe that needs further investigation.     

Bumblebee Vulnerability: Common Correlates of Winners and Losers across Three Continents

Abstract:  It is widely agreed that in many parts of the world some bumblebee ( Bombus ) species have declined, and that this has often been driven by land-use changes that cause reductions in the abundance of food plants. There is much less agreement about how changes in food plants affect some bumblebee species more than others. We sought to identify which species' characteristics are generally associated with the relative winners and losers by comparing the 3 independent bumblebee faunas from parts of Britain, Canada, and China. Using available survey data, we assessed species characteristics, including competition with congeners, climatic specialization, proximity to climatic range edge, food specialization, phenology, body size, and range size. Results of our meta-analysis of correlations showed support for the hypotheses that decline susceptibility is generally greater for species that have greater climatic specialization, for species in areas where they occur closest to the edges of their climatic ranges, and for species that have queens that become active later in the year. The latter characteristic may render a species at a particular disadvantage when they have long colony cycles if there are losses of food plants in mid to late colony development.