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411.
412.
二种高硫煤中硫氮化学形态的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用XPS技术研究了贵定煤和西班牙Mequienza煤中硫和氮化学形态的分布,并结合硫K-边XANES和Mossbauer谱着重考察贵定煤中硫化学形态。结果表明,贵定煤中含硫化合物主要以噻吩形态存在,其次为有机硫化物;而Mequienza煤中以有机硫化物含量最大,噻吩硫次之,有关含氮化合物,Mequienza煤以吡咯和吡啶氮为主,但在贵定煤中观察到较大浓度的氧化氮化合物。 相似文献
413.
型煤燃烧固硫的钠离子效应 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文用脉冲二氧化硫荧光分析仪连续测试了煤样中二氧化硫的浓度,并用X荧光、X衍射和电子扫描电镜等方法,分析了添加钠离子样品的含硫率、物相及表面形貌。实验结果表明,钠离子添加剂改变了二氧化硫释放过程,抑制了硫酸钙的分解。灰样成分中既有稳定的三元化合物3CaO.3Al2O3.CaSO4,也有不稳定的化合物硫酸钙存在,说明钠离子添加剂对提高固硫率有促进作用。 相似文献
414.
Migrating birds often alternate between flight steps, when distance is covered and energy consumed, and stopover periods,
when energy reserves are restored. An alternative strategy is fly-and-forage migration, useful mainly for birds that hunt
or locate their prey in flight, and thus, enables birds to combine foraging with covering migration distance. The favourability
of this strategy in comparison with the traditional stopover strategy depends on costs of reduced effective travel speed and
benefits of offsetting energy consumption during migration flights. Evaluating these cost-benefit effects, we predict that
fly-and-forage migration is favourable under many conditions (increasing total migration speed), both as a pure strategy and
in combination with stopover behaviour. We used the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) as test case for investigating the importance of this strategy during spring and autumn migration at a lake in southern
Sweden. The majority, 78%, of passing ospreys behaved according to the fly-and-forage migration strategy by deviating from
their migratory track to visit or forage at the lake, while 12% migrated past the lake without response, and 10% made stopovers
at the lake. Foraging success of passing ospreys was almost as good as for birds on stopover. Timing of foraging demonstrated
that the birds adopted a genuine fly-and-forage strategy rather than intensified foraging before and after the daily travelling
period. We predict that fly-and-forage migration is widely used and important among many species besides the osprey, and the
exploration of its occurrence and consequences will be a challenging task in the field of optimal migration. 相似文献
415.
煤矸石复垦中的氮素积累途径 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
进行了煤矸石上种植接菌种草及加覆盖物种植牧草的盆栽和小区试验。结果表明,接菌种植可以显著提高植物的固氮酶活性和结瘤率,改善煤矸石的氮素贫瘠状况,促进牧草根系和地上部分的生长和煤矸石的进一步风化;这些结果在施氮量中等区w(N)=15g/100kg更为明显。同时在煤矸石上加薄层覆盖物种植豆科植物,对其氮素的积累提高和生物性状的同样具有明显的促进作用,并以黄土覆盖效果更佳。这些结果为解决煤矸石复垦中氮素缺乏的问题提供了有效途径。表3参4 相似文献
416.
半焦负载Na-Fe催化还原NO的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在石英固定床反应器上于常压下研究了煤焦负载Na或Fe催化还原NO的反应,同时研究了Na-Fe复合催化剂的催化特性。研究结果表明:Na或Fe催化剂的催化行为差异较大,低温下Na的催化活性高于相同负载量的Fe,而温度较高时,二者的催化活性顺序与低温时相反。Na的催化活性随负载量的增加而迅速增大,而Fe的催化活性随温度的升高增加迅速。在保持相同的负载量下,一定配比的Na-Fe复合催化剂的催化活性高于其中任何单一催化剂的催化活性。在不加其他还原剂的条件下,负载于煤焦上的Na-Fe复合催化剂可有效地催化还原NO,得到了高的还原转化率。复合催化剂高的催化活性预示Na-Fe在制备过程中的相互作用以及催化半焦还原NO的反应中具有协同作用。 相似文献
417.
This study investigated geochemical characteristics of the acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned mine adits in the vicinity of the Dogye coal mine in Korea. Acid mine drainage discharged from Jeoncha pit adit of the Dogye coal mine, which is the main source of the AMD in the study area, had a pH value of 3.0 and concentrations of 2148mg SO4
2– L–1, 229mg Fe L–1, 71mg A1 L–1 and 11mg Mn L–1. The reduction of some metal concentrations downstream from the discharge point could be explained on the basis of dilution and precipitation. The order of removal of metal ions downstream from the discharge point was Fe>A1, Cu>Zn, Mn. Acidity could be used as a good determining factor offering comprehensive and quantitative values for the polluting extent of acid mine drainage. The acidities existing in all acidic water samples in the Gunahan district originated primarily from mineral acidity, especially in the upper Nahan Creek from dissolved Fe and Al and in the middle and down Nahan Creek from dissolved Al. From the application of the WATEQ4F program, it was determined that predominant species of dissolved Fe in all water samples was Fe2+, and those of dissolved Al were AlSO4
+ and Al3+ except for IW2 sample which was associated with white precipitates. The species of dissolved Al in IW2 sample include also AlOH2+ and Al(OH)2
+. The saturation indices of goethite and haematite were positive in the water samples associated with ochrous precipitates (usually called Yellow Boy), therefore these solids might be precipitated. For the IW2 sample, the saturation indices of amorphous Al(OH)3 and gibbsite were positive, so theoretically these solids might also be precipitated. By XRD analysis, it was found that goethite occurs in ochrous precipitates, and gibbsite in white precipitates. 相似文献
418.
Haihui Wang Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski Eric M. Kennedy 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1998,11(6):373-381
A mathematical model is presented to describe steady-state mass transfer and oxidation processes in coal at low temperatures in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The model incorporates the effects of partial pressure of oxygen, temperature and coal particle size, and accounts for the rate of coal oxidation and the composition of oxygenated products at high pressures. This is an important development since previous models did not include the effect of pressure in their formulation. It is found that, when the partial pressure of oxygen increases the rate of oxygen consumption increases accordingly. However, the influence of partial pressure of oxygen on the rate of oxidation is less pronounced when the pressure surpasses 1 MPa. In addition the model predicts that, for a constant partial pressure of oxygen, higher rates of oxygen consumption occur at lower total pressures. The same trends are also found for the concentration of oxygenated products at the reactor outlet. It is suggested that, the variation of partial pressure of oxygen leads to different concentration levels of oxygen at the surface and within the pores of coal particles, substantially affecting the rate of oxidation. 相似文献
419.
煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
介绍了使用同位素测氡法探测煤矿自燃火源位置的原理及应用效果。实践证明,该方法是解决煤矿自燃火灾治理难题的关键技术,由于投资少,精度高,软件处理直观可靠,它有重要推广价值 相似文献
420.
煤层注水降低综采工作面煤尘浓度的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在深入研究官地矿9# 煤渗透特性的基础上,提出动压预注水的煤层注水方案与参数,并在官地矿进行了工业性试验,取得了降低综采工作面煤尘浓度60% 以上的明显效果。它对我国煤矿有效实施煤层注水、降低工作面粉尘浓度具有实际指导意义 相似文献