Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns

The current paper presents the concentration, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements of 13 coals from south Brazil. The samples were collected in the state of Santa Catarina. Chemical analyses and the high ash yields indicate that all studied coals are rich in mineral matter, with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ dominating as determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Quartz is the main mineral species and is associated with minor levels of feldspars, kaolinite, hematite, and iron-rich carbonates. The contents of trace elements, including As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Be, V, U, Zn, Li, Cu, Tl, and Ni, in coals were determined. A comparison of ranges and means of elemental concentrations in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and world coals shows that the ranges of most elements in Santa Catarina coal are very close to the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal.     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

煤矸石中铅、铬、镉的溶出性能

以滕南煤田某煤矿风化煤矸石为研究对象,应用主成分分析法分析了煤矸石粒径对Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度的影响,应用回归分析法分析了浸溶时间与Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度的关系特征。实验结果表明：模拟湿地浸溶条件下,煤矸石中Pb,Cd,Cr溶出浓度均超出或接近Ⅲ类水体水质标准,对水环境存在污染风险;煤矸石粒径对Pb,Cd,Cr溶出浓度存在影响,粒径越小则Pb、Cr、Cd溶出浓度越大,粒径小于8.0 cm的煤矸石浸溶贡献较大。建立了表征Pb,Cr,Cd溶出浓度与浸溶时间对数（以10为底）关系的一元三次多项式回归方程,经检验均具有显著性。     

煤堆自燃原因分析与防治措施

煤氧化自燃既是重大的事故隐患 ,也降低了煤的经济价值。分析了煤堆自燃的原因 ,煤堆易发生自燃的部位 ,并提出防治措施     

马钢煤焦化公司开展危险源(点)辨识与分级控制管理的经验

通过对煤焦化生产企业中危险源 (点 )的确定和辨识依据进行阐述和分析 ,采用定量统计方法 ,并结合生产实际情况将所有危险源 (点 )分成三级 (公司或厂级、车间或部门科室级、班组或岗位级 )控制管理 ;从而实现贯彻企业安全管理工作“全员参与、全面管理”的方针 ,预防和避免各类事故的发生 ,使安全工作步入科学化、规范化轨道 ,为企业生产经营创造一个健康和稳定的环境。     

切圆燃烧煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造

阐述了分级燃烧抑制NOx形成的基本原理,介绍了切圆燃烧煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造的基本特点,考察了轴向和径向空气分级、炉内空气浓度等因素对NOx排放量的影响;控制适当条件,使脱氮效率达到30％－50％,对煤粉炉的空气分级燃烧改造进行了费用效益分析。     

煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术处理有机废水的研究

介绍了煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术对有机废水的处理研究。结果表明,当有机废水中COD_Cr为1162mg/L,SS为382mg/L时,该技术对有机废水COD_Cr的去除率达96.9%,悬浮物的去除率达91.5%,处理废水的运行费用为0.22元/t。      

巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性研究

应用系统可靠性和人 -机工程学理论 ,建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人 -机 -环境系统可靠性模型 ,给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。结合开滦马家沟矿 972 3工作面人 -机-环境系统分析 ,探讨了提高系统可靠性和生产能力的有效途径。理论分析及实例计算结果表明 ,所建立的模型能简便地找出系统的薄弱环节 ,准确预测系统可用度和生产能力 ,从而为指导矿井设计和生产提供科学依据     

兰州城市大气污染和可能的技术控制措施

利用大气污染源和环境监测等资料,计算分析了兰州市区大气污染及其治理现状。结果表明,在兰州市区,燃煤占全部能源的71 %; S02年排放量为5. 96万t,烟尘为6. 54万t ;汽车尾气己成为主要大气污染源之一。市区S02浓度日均值在采暖期超标,而TSP一年四季都超 标。指出采用以集中供热、煤气、型煤和控制汽车尾气为主要措施,兼顾绿化和太阳能利用,制定市区大气污染治理方案比较合理。      

Desulfurization of coke oven gas from the coking of coking coal blended with a sorbent and waste plastic

A new way to implement the simultaneous reutilization of solid waste, the desulfurization of coke oven gas (COG), and even the desulfurization of coke by the co-coking of coking coal (CC) and waste plastic (WP) blended with a sorbent is proposed; the evolution of H₂S and the removal efficiency of H₂S from COG during the co-coking process were investigated in a lab-scale cylindrical reactor. The experimental results indicated that for the coking of CC blended with ZnO, Fe₂O₃, or blast furnace dust (BFD) as a sorbent, the instantaneous concentration of H₂S in COG was lower than 500 mg/m³ (which meets the technical specification requirement of the Chinese Cleaner Production Standard–Coking Industry, HJ/T 126-2003) when the molar ratio between the key component of the sorbent and the volatile S in CC or the CC/WP blend, n _Zn+Fe/n _S, was about 1.2 for ZnO and Fe₂O₃, but not for BFD under the same conditions, suggesting that ZnO and Fe₂O₃ are promising sorbents, but that BFD must be treated chemical or thermally before being used as a sorbent because of the size and complicated nature of the influence of its phase/chemical composition on its desulfurization ability. However, for the co-coking of CC and WP blended with ZnO as a sorbent, n _Zn+Fe/n _S must increase to 1.4 and 1.7 for 100/2 and 100/5 blends of CC/WP, respectively, to ensure a satisfactory efficiency for H₂S removal from COG. Part of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on EcoTopia Science 2005 (ISET05), Aug 8–9, 2005, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan