Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

DDS系列煤炭自燃阻化剂实验研究

为寻找高效阻化剂以防止煤炭自热引燃，在控温炉中对ＤＤＳ系列煤自燃阻化剂的阻化效果进行了实验研究，并与经前的阻化剂做了比较。实验采用烟煤作为试样，借助于著名的Ｆｒａｎｋ－Ｋａｍｅｎｅｔｓｋｉｉ模型，利用４，６，８和１０厘米立方体阻化煤磁地６０－２２０℃温度范围估测其氧化反应的活化能。     

Heavy Metal Content in Xylem Sap (Vitis Vinifera) from Mining and Smelting Areas

No data are available on the content of heavy metals in the xylem sap of grapevines growing in contaminated areas. The aim of this work was to obtain data on the concentration of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in the xylem sap of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Monica (ungrafted), growing near contaminated sites: a smelter, an abandoned and an active mine, and to investigate relationships between xylem sap mineral composition and the heavy metal content of the soil. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in the sap were enhanced compared to that of the soil, ranging from 4.3 to 611.4 µg Pb , 801 to 6176 µg Zn , 2.5 to 45 µg Cd and 19.8 to 161 µg Cu . Dry matter of xylem sap was significantly related to the heavy metals content in xylem saps, but no significant relationship between the metals in sap and total and DTPA/TEA extractable metal fraction in soil was found.     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

窟野河流域煤炭开采对水循环的影响研究

黄河流域煤炭开采对水资源的赋存和循环条件产生严重影响,并影响入黄径流量,研究煤炭开采对水循环的影响,揭示河川径流变化机理,这对于研究黄河水沙变化机理及维持黄河健康生命具有重要的意义。论文以黄河中游窟野河为研究对象,运用数理统计和建立YRWBM模型(Yellow River Water Balance Model,简称YRWBM模型)的方法,研究了窟野河流域煤炭开采对水循环的影响,研究结果表明,煤炭开采是窟野河径流变化的一个重要原因,1997—2006年,窟野河煤炭资源开采量为5 500×104t/a,减少水资源量为2.9×108m3/a,占这阶段径流变化的54.8%。吨煤对径流开采的影响量约为5.27 m3。     

破碎岩体流变特性及其应用研究

受采动应力和水-岩耦合作用,松散含水层下薄基岩煤层采场易发生出水压架致灾事故,而巷采充填方法是解决此类问题的有效途径之一。为了研究巷道充填后上覆岩层的运移规律,首先采用流变仪对充填岩体进行了流变力学试验,其次采用FLAC模拟软件建立了巷采充填的数值计算模型,分析了充填开采时煤柱与充填体的应力、位移变化规律及基岩面的运移规律。研究表明:破碎岩体的压实过程由三部分组成:颗粒的重排、颗粒的破碎和孔隙的填充、颗粒的压缩变形;蠕变状态下,当时间t≥1天,轴向位移基本趋于稳定,破碎岩体达到了一定的强度;随着充填体变形模量的增加,充填体能够有效抑制高位承载岩层的下沉量,从而减小工作面发生压架突水灾害的几率     

新型硫酸锂复合早强剂对煤矿封孔水泥早强效果的影响研究

为缩短煤矿封孔注浆材料的候凝时间,以煤矿注浆封孔硅酸盐水泥为研究对象,在Li2SO4单掺早强效果研究的基础上,将锂盐与有机物进行复配。通过正交实验考察了高湿环境中不同组成和配比下,Li2SO4复合早强剂对于封孔水泥早强效果的影响。结果表明,Li2SO4与聚羧酸和三乙醇胺复配新拌混凝土后流动性良好,当该复配早强剂的组成为硫酸锂1.0%,聚羧酸0.03%,三乙醇胺0.3%,掺量为胶体总质量的1.3%时,可使注浆封孔水泥早期强度提高最为显著,1d抗压强度提高到556%,3d抗压强度提高到157%。     

燃煤发电厂粉尘危害及防治对策

粉尘是燃煤发电厂重点防治的职业病危害因素。以某燃煤发电厂2×330MW机组为例,调查和分析了燃煤发电厂中粉尘的种类、分布及防护设施,并对该燃煤电厂主要工种和作业场所粉尘浓度情况进行了检测、分析和讨论,提出皮带巡检工、灰库巡检工是燃煤电厂粉尘危害重点防护对象,而输煤皮带转载点、破碎机以及灰库卸灰操作位现场粉尘浓度超标严重,是燃煤发电厂粉尘危害防治的重点工作场所。在对该燃煤电厂粉尘浓度超标原因分析的基础上,从工程防护和管理等方面提出了燃煤发电厂粉尘危害相应的防治措施,为燃煤电厂粉尘危害防治提供参考和依据。     

基于覆岩空间结构理论的矿压特征分析及应用

基于覆岩空间结构理论,一面采空、两面采空边界条件下覆岩结构称为“O”型和“S”型,结合矿压知识及工程背景的特殊条件,将二者转换过程中覆岩结构定义为“O-S”型。在系统分析三种结构构成、运移规律和应力分布特征的基础上,对矿山动力事件进行分析与防治;现场侧向支承压力监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的结构构成及相关计算相似,现场顶板岩层离层监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的覆岩运移规律阐述可靠,工作面矿压特征监测结果显示基于覆岩空间结构理论的特厚煤层矿压特征分析与实际发生情况基本一致,研究可为类似条件下矿压特征分析与岩层控制提供一定借鉴。     

棱状钻杆应用于松软突出煤层钻进强度匹配研究

为解决棱状钻具的强度匹配问题,应用实体设计和数值分析软件,建立不同结构棱状钻具力学分析模型,对其进行强度分析,优化棱状钻具结构。分析结果表明,常规棱状类钻具整体强度匹配不合理,丝扣位置存在受力薄弱点,安全系数较低且整体分布不均衡。可采取加大接头直径、优化接头及棱边结构、应用摩擦焊接工艺等技术手段提高棱状钻具整体强度;改进后的棱状钻杆,整体安全系数分布均衡、波动小,钻杆整体力学性能得到了有效的提高。通过工程应用,解决了煤矿复杂条件煤层钻孔施工丢钻、断钻频繁的被动局面,平均深度超过了设计深度,钻进效率提高20