湖鲫、鲤鱼的增产潜力及渔业生态管理研究

自１９９１年以来，对氵鬲湖鲫、鲤鱼的种群结构、生态环境等进行了较全面的调查研究，提出了在保持草型湖泊生态系统良性循环基础上，合理地利用氵鬲湖天然饵料资源进行渔业生态管理，使可更新资源尽可能多地转化为鲫、鲤商品鱼的建议，以充分提高鲫、鲤产值效益。文中有关入湖鱼种死亡过程的双峰曲线，尚未见诸报道。     

隔油-共沉淀-Fenton预处理制药废水

采用隔油-共沉淀-Fenton法对含有大量的苯、甲苯、铝及苯甲酮的制药废水进行处理。经隔油处理,COD由147 490.8 mg/L降至139 518.4 mg/L,后通过调节pH值来去除大部分的铝离子,pH=7时效果最佳,COD大约降至10 000 mg/L。Fenton最佳氧化条件为:pH为7,H2O2的投加量为1.6 g/L,H2O2和Fe2+的投加量比为14,反应去除时间为5 h,在此条件下COD降为840 mg/L,去除效率为91.6%;Fenton氧化预处理后废水的可生化性也得到较大提高。     

循环流化床锅炉运行调整中的常见问题及改进措施

本文主要介绍了循环流化床运行时如何进行经济调整,对运行中出现的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的技术措施。     

噪声监测的常见问题探讨与思考

针对目前在噪声监测过程中存在的一些常见问题,结合实际工作经验,提出了解决这些问题的方法和建议。     

同质环境下不同锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构差异及其影响因素

采用高通量测序技术分析同质环境下小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿根际土壤细菌多样性及群落结构,以期探讨驱动锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构构建的关键因子.结果表明,土壤样品中共检测到细菌42门55纲123目244科558属,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(相对丰度>1%),优势属为苯基杆菌属(Phenylobacterium)、剑菌属(Ensifer)和鞘氨醇菌属(Chitinophaga).双因素方差分析表明,物种间差异显著影响土壤细菌香农指数和辛普森指数(P<0.05),种源和物种交互作用对土壤细菌的物种数、 Chao1指数、香农指数和辛普森指数均影响显著(P<0.05).主坐标分析表明,3种锦鸡儿属植物根际土壤细菌群落结构差异显著(P<0.05),且聚类分析显示来自不同种源地的中间锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿根际土壤细菌群落结构组成不同.通过冗余分析发现...     

Sodium cyanide-induced modulations in the activities of some oxidative enzymes and metabolites in the fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Carp fingerlings exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.5?mg?L^?1) of sodium cyanide showed a steady decrement over a 7-day period in respiratory rate, rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and fall in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities followed by variations in lactic and pyruvate levels. Changes in these enzyme activities might be due to impaired oxidative metabolism and severe cellular damage leading to the release of these enzymes. Decline in the activities of SDH and LDH clearly represents a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism as evidenced by elevated lactate and decline in pyruvate levels. The shift to anaerobic metabolism is also reflected by severe drop in the respiratory rate of the fish. This may be a consequence of the blockage of electron transfer from cytochrome c oxidase to molecular oxygen, thus ceasing cellular respiration and it can lead to cellular hypoxia even in the presence of normal hemoglobin oxygenation. Hence, we indirectly reconfirm the inhibition of oxidative metabolism by sodium cyanide. Alterations in behavioral pattern induced by sublethal sodium cyanide exposure may be due to the combination of cytotoxic hypoxia with lactate acidosis, which depresses the central nervous system (CNS); as the brain is the most sensitive site to anoxia, it results in impaired CNS function.     

Release of phosphorous from igneous phosphate rock through bioturbation: a low-cost approach for phosphorous fertilization in fish farms

The influence of bioturbation caused by common carp fry was treated in 24 transparent polythene jars (5?L each) in the laboratory and in outdoor vats (150?L), increasing the fertilizer value of phosphate rock in eight treatment combinations in triplicate. Input of water soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) was determined to quantify the effects of bioturbation, fish excrements and soil. The level of SRP in water was always lowest in the control series. Introduction of common carp fry resulted in a net increase of 0.009–0.010?mg phosphate g^?1day^?1 of SRP attributable to the effect of fish excrement. Bioturbation caused by common carp resulted in as high as a 64.8 to 90% influx of phosphate from bottom soil in the presence of phosphate rock but only about 6.3 to 7.2% in the absence of phosphate rock. The bioturbation that occurred in this treatment resulted in a significant release of phosphorous into the overlying water from an apatite source. The results confirm the environment friendly application of phosphate rock in fish-farming ponds at low cost.     

基于不同评估方法的养殖池塘富营养化环境成本研究——以上海青浦地区常规鱼类养殖池塘为例

采用物料平衡法、置换成本法、条件价值评估法（CVM）和COD价格法对池塘养殖环境成本进行评估。结果显示,基于4种评估方法估算得到的池塘养殖环境成本由大到小依次为置换成本法（4 400元.a-1.hm-2）、COD价格法（4 191.99元.a-1.hm-2）、物料平衡法（3 925.76元.a-1.hm-2）和CVM法（2 007.8元.a-1.hm-2）,认为在不考虑时间和经济成本的前提下,基于COD价格法测算得到的结果可能最接近于环境成本的真实值。采用4种评估方法测得的环境成本占常规鱼类养殖经济总收益的6%～14%,表明采取相关措施防治水产养殖环境污染很有必要。     

GO-FLOW方法在共因故障中的应用

共因故障是影响高冗余系统可用度的重要因素。针对如何评估它对系统可用度的影响,简要介绍了GO-FLOW方法,给出利用GO-FLOW计算受共因故障影响的系统不可用度的方法和步骤,并引用实例加以说明。     

国3重型柴油车在实际道路行驶中的气态污染物排放

利用SEMTECH-DS便携式排放测试系统(PEMS),在采用高压共轨和废气再循环系统(EGR)2种技术的国3重型柴油车上开展了实际道路的气态污染物排放测试,对比了2种技术下重型柴油车在实际道路行驶中氮氧化物(NO_x)和总碳氢(THC)在各速度区间内的排放强度、综合排放因子及瞬时φ(NO_x). 结果表明:采用高压共轨技术的重型柴油车在除>10～20 km/h外的各速度区间内的NO_x和THC平均排放强度均低于采用EGR技术的重型柴油车. 采用高压共轨技术的重型柴油车φ(NO_x)平均值较低,但瞬时峰值较高;采用EGR技术的φ(NO_x)平均值较高,但瞬时峰值较低.