Effects of humic acid coatings on phenanthrene sorption to black carbon

Black carbon (BC) can strongly adsorb hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs).The HOC sorption to coated BC could be attenuated in soil and sediment compared with that of the parent BC.To study the potential causes of the sorption attenuation,humic acid (HA) and BC were isolated.Phenanthrene (PHE) was selected as the representative of HOCs.BC was coated with the precipitated HA.The PHE sorption to the HA-coated BC was determined.The HA coatings on BC could result in the significant sorption attenuation of PHE to BC.The attenuation varied in different HA origin and was positively correlated to the aromaticity of HA.The attenuation could be explained by the direct competition between HA and PHE for the available sorption sites on BC and the reduction of the available sorption sites as a result of the pore blockage of BC caused by the HA coatings.Therefore,the HA coatings on BC was one potential cause of the attenuation of HOC sorption to BC in soil and sediment.     

Understanding yields in alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and Cassia siamea Lam. under semi-arid conditions in Machakos, eastern Kenya

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｎｌｙａｂｏｕｔ 2 0 %ｏｆＫｅｎｙａ’ｓｔｏｔａｌｌａｎｄａｒｅａｈａｓｈｉｇｈｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｓｔｂｅｉｎｇａｒｉｄｏｒｓｅｍｉ ａｒｉｄ .ＴｈｅａｎｎｕａｌｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｉｎＫｅｎｙａｏｆｃｌｏｓｅｔｏ 4 %ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ (ｅ .ｇ .ＵｎｉｔｅｄＮａｔｉｏｎｓＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅ ,1990 ) .Ｔｈｉｓｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｌ…     

黄河沉积物对稀土元素的吸附特性研究

针对自然水体的实际情况,开展了黄河沉积物对La3+,Ce3+,Nd3+,Sm3+等4种离子的吸附竞争及其特性研究.结果表明,在较宽的初始浓度范围内(2～11mg·L-1),4种离子之间处于弱吸附竞争或无吸附竞争状态;当初始浓度较高,泥沙浓度较低时,4种离子之间的竞争吸附才得以体现,此时有Sm3+>Nd3+≥La3+>Ce3+的初步吸附竞争能力序列;黄河沉积物对4种离子的吸附受控于pH值,随pH的增加4种离子吸附量逐渐增大,但弱碱性或碱性更有利于吸附;当初始浓度较低(<11mg·L-1)时,主要环境因子对4种离子的吸附竞争影响均不明显;当初始浓度较高(>11mg·L-1)时,各环境因子对4种离子的吸附竞争均有显著影响,总体上,降低离子强度、去除有机质、减小颗粒物粒度,均使Sm3+,Nd3+,La3+等3种离子与Ce3+表现不同的吸附行为.     

铜绿微囊藻和孟氏颤藻在富营养化湖泊中生长特征的模拟研究

为了模拟富营养化状态下2种蓝藻在湖泊中的生长特征,采用大型室内湖泊模拟装置进行了模拟研究,并通过三角瓶实验以及光合作用速率的响应实验对模拟装置中藻的生长特征进行了分析.湖泊模拟装置中,铜绿微囊藻和孟氏颤藻在对数生长期的特征生长速率分别为0.43d-1和0.32d-1,但对数生长期很短,仅3～4d.在对数期后有一个很长的"线性期",即生物量随时间近似成线性增长.在氮、磷较为充分的条件下,由于较强的光合作用导致了水体pH的升高,以及生物量增高导致了藻的自遮蔽作用,使藻的生长容易出现碳源限制和光限制.受水下光的影响,2种藻细胞内叶绿素a含量在对数期内一直增大.随后颤藻细胞内叶绿素a含量又逐渐降低,而微囊藻细胞内叶绿素a含量仍保持较高的水平,其原因可能是微囊藻能适应更高的pH.     

三江平原河水中铁的形态研究

采集三江平原河流(主要河流和沼泽性河流)水体,利用切向超滤和玻璃纤维滤膜技术分离铁的形态,研究了三江平原河水中铁的含量、形态和潜在络合竞争能力,以揭示湿地开垦对铁形态和输出通量的影响.结果表明,含有丰富有机质的典型沼泽性河流中可溶铁和酸性不稳定铁平均含量高达1.16和0.81 mg.L-1,是主要河流铁的重要补给来源,主要输送络合态铁(占可溶铁70.9%)和离子态铁(占可溶铁9.3%).河流中可溶态铁均以低分子量铁为主要迁移形态,在主要河流中低分子量铁占可溶态铁的68.7%,含量为0.13 mg.L-1,在典型沼泽性河流中占可溶态铁的82.2%,含量为0.88 mg.L-1;典型性河流中Fe3+含量是主要河流的3.1倍,Fe2+含量相差不大.通过菲咯嗪的配位竞争实验发现,络合态和胶体态铁中也存在Fe(Ⅱ)的结合形态;在典型沼泽性河流中,络合态铁具有更高的潜在络合竞争能力,更容易形成稳定不易分解的络合态铁.因此,三江平原湿地开垦导致沼泽性河流铁输出的减少,稳定络合态铁输出的减少直接影响铁的迁移距离,对近海铁的输送产生巨大影响.     

一株椭圆小球藻对微囊藻生长的竞争抑制研究

采用Chl b/Chl a比值指示2种藻相对数量的方法研究了一株椭圆小球藻(Chlorella ellipsoidea)与铜绿微囊藻(M icrocystis aeruginosa)之间的生长竞争关系。结果表明,分别在20和30℃条件下,BG-11培养基中和发生水华的天然湖水中小球藻的生长均远高于微囊藻。在低光照下,小球藻也同样具有较高的生长竞争能力。小球藻不是通过产生毒害物质而获得生长竞争优势,2种藻对氮磷吸收利用的研究结果显示:在高氮含量的BG-11培养基中,2种藻对氮的利用无显著差异,但小球藻对磷的吸收能力远高于微囊藻;将BG-11培养基中氮含量减少至原来的1/10,与微囊藻相比,小球藻对氮磷均具有较高的吸收。可见,小球藻是通过竞争氮磷营养而抑制微囊藻生长。因此,利用椭圆小球藻的种间生长竞争优势来抑制微囊藻具有潜在的可利用性。     

Highly efficient Hg2+ removal via a competitive strategy using a Co-based metal organic framework ZIF-67

The stronger coordination ability of mercury ions with organic ligands than the metal ions in metal organic framework (MOFs) provides an accessible way to separate mercury ions from solution using specific MOFs. In this study, a Co-based MOF (ZIF-67, Co(mIM)₂) was synthesized. It did not introduce specific functional groups, such as -SH and -NH₂, into its structure through complicated steps. It separate Hg²⁺ from wastewater with a new strategy, which utilized the stronger coordination ability of Hg²⁺ with the nitrogen atom on the imidazole ring of the organic ligand than the Co²⁺ ions. Hg²⁺ replaced Co²⁺ nodes from ZIF-67 and formed a more stable precipitate with mIM. The experimental results showed that this new strategy was efficient. ZIF-67 exhibited Hg²⁺ adsorption capacity of 1740 mg/g, much higher than the known MOFs sorbents. mIMs is the reaction center and ZIF-67 can improve its utilization. The sample color faded from purple to white due to the loss of cobalt ion. It is a great feature of ZIF-67 that allows users to judge whether the sorbent is deactivated intuitively. ZIF-67 can be sustainable recycled by adding organic ligands to the solution after treatment due to its simple synthesis method at room temperature. It's a high-efficient and sustainable sorbent for Hg²⁺ separation from wastewater.     

静息细胞对亚甲基蓝染料和Pb（Ⅱ）同步吸附的模型研究

采用K. oxytoca菌株制成生物吸附剂（LRC）对亚甲基蓝染料（MB）和Pb（Ⅱ）二元体系的吸附进行实验研究,并结合高等统计物理模型对吸附机理进行阐述.通过静态吸附实验研究了在不同接触时间和溶液pH条件下对LRC去除染料MB和Pb（Ⅱ）的影响,并通过实验研究发现两种污染物在二元吸附体系中表现出了吸附拮抗作用.利用单能量单吸附层（MSA）和单层扩展（MBA）统计物理模型对一元吸附体系和二元吸附体系进行拟合,均具有较好的拟合结果 .在单元体系中,LRC对MB和Pb（Ⅱ）最大饱和吸附量分别为163.61 mg·g^-1和129.83 mg·g^-1;在二元体系中,LRC对MB和Pb（Ⅱ）的最大饱和吸附量分别为141.47 mg·g^-1和96.99 mg·g^-1.同时,该模型中的拟合参数（n_i、D_m、E_i）能够阐述其不同的物理意义,并提出了新的吸附质与吸附剂之间的结合机制.     

企业应开展全面质量管理

本文论述了全面质量管理在市场经济条件下的重要作用和新发展，以及企业应如何开展全面质量管理。     

中国西部城市公用事业特许经营立法研究——以水务业为视角

特许经营是中国市政公用事业市场化改革的主要制度实施工具,现有立法在市场准入、运营环节、市场退出等诸多方面存在不足之处。强化政府管制固然是完善立法、矫正"撇脂行为"的重要抓手,但竞争机制的完善则是夯实基础的治本之道,尤其是对行政垄断的规制和招投标法律制度的建设,将为持续深入推进中国西部城市公用事业市场化改革进程提供坚实的法治保障。