气象灾害综合指数保险研究——以北京市棉花为例

气象指数保险作为最有前景的农业保险创新工具,在保障农产品收入、稳定农业生产和国民经济运行方面具有重要意义。该文提出了综合气象指数模型来设计棉花保险产品,通过主成分分析法结合熵权法构建综合气象指数,综合考量降水、气温、日照等气象指标对棉花生产的影响。相比单一气象指数模型,综合气象指数模型能够整合多种气象条件信息,提高农业气象灾害保险模型的精度。基于该模型,以1999—2016年北京市棉花作物为例进行保险设计,在综合气象指数模型框架下计算出该地区不同灾害等级下的棉花气象灾害指数保险的纯保险费率。     

Theory and Model of Agricultural Insurance Subsidy

Abstract

The issue of agricultural insurance subsidy is discussed in this paper aiming to make it provided more rationally and scientifically. It is started with the connection between agricultural insurance and financial subsidy. It is really necessary and crucial to implement the financial insurance due to the bad operational performance, especially in the developing countries. But the subsidy should be provided more rationally because financial subsidy has lots of negative effects. A model in competitive insurance markets developed by Ahsan et al (1982) and a farmers' decision model are developed to solve the optimal subsidized rate. Finally, the equation is got to calculate it. But a quantitative subsidized rate is not made here because the calculation should be under some restricted conditions, which are always absent in the developing countries. So the government should provide some subsidy for the ex ante research and preparation to get the scientific probability and premium rate.     

环境污染责任保险的环境法解释与制度构造

环境污染责任保险是环境污染损害救济社会化的重要途径和完善环境污染损害救济机制的必由之路。中国环境污染责任保险制度的真正建立和运行,需要运用环境法的基本理念和思想对传统责任保险制度进行重新审视和构造。环境污染责任保险制度设计的关键在于合理贯彻环境法的理论思想,运用风险预防、生态正义之理念,环境污染损害救济、环境权等理论思想进行理论诠释,在保险方式、责任基础、承保范围、赔付范围及赔偿限额等方面构造中国的环境污染责任保险制度,以发挥环境污染责任保险之风险预防、损害救济和稳定社会秩序的功能。     

建筑火灾风险综合评价对火灾保险费率影响的研究

保险人为了降低建筑火灾后巨额的损失赔付,需要在承保时对建筑物进行火灾风险评价,进而根据评价结果确定保险费率的大小.论文根据高层建筑火灾风险的模糊综合评价模型及评价结果所在的等级范围,提出并建立了保险费率浮动的关系方程式.最后应用此模型和关系式对一幢高层建筑的火灾风险进行了评价,得出其防火安全等级和费率的浮动值.研究结果表明,所建立的方法为保险人确定费率浮动提供了依据,并为承保前的检查、承保后的核查,提供了系统的技术手段.     

构建我国环境责任保险模式的理性思考

环境责任保险是通过责任风险社会化解决环境污染损害赔偿问题的有效方式之一.通过借鉴其他国家的经验,分析这一制度在我国实际实行的困境和原因,提出一个符合国情的环境责任保险模式架构.