邻苯二甲酸酯在松花江吉林段水体中的分布规律

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类含有苯环的有机污染物,易在生物体内富集,所以开展水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布规律研究至关重要。对松花江吉林段2008年3月份不同监测断面的水体进行监测,通过GC-MS定性分析和GC定量分析,确定该江段水体邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的分布规律、污染状况与污染水平。研究结果表明,松花江吉林段水体中主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,其分布的总体趋势是更易存在于水相中。     

"环保执法难"的问题与对策

从环保执法体制,环保执法法律,环保执法能力等方面简述了环保执法难的原因.指出应理顺环保执法体制,营造良好的执法制度环境.从环保执法的源头入手,完善环保立法.提高执法人员素质,加强执法技术装备,提高环保执法能力.突破现有的环保执法模式,按照可持续发展的现实需要,构建起政府控制与多种形式相结合的开放式的有效环保执法体制,从...     

论清洁生产法治的技术基础

本文深入探讨了产业结构调整、工业污染防治与清洁生产法治的关系，以及企业管理、清洁技术与清洁生产法治的关系。指出产业结构调整、企业管理和清洁技术的应用是实现清洁生产法治的重要技术途径和方式。并已经得到许多国家清洁生产及其法治实践的普遍采用和证实，而清洁生产法治的实现又有利于促进产业结构和企业管理更加生态化，促进清洁技术进一步发展。     

Towards sustainable development? The evolution of environmental policy in Malaysia

Over the last five decades, Malaysia has undergone rapid economic, social and environmental change, a process which is still continuing. The pursuit of socio‐economic progress has been accompanied by an unprecedented rate of change in the natural environment. In parallel to this development, governmental responses have also adapted over time to address emerging environmental situations. This article views the recent history of Malaysia's evolving policy response to development needs and environmental change as consisting of four distinct stages. Despite an impressive array of policy statements and strategies to implement sustainable development, many challenges remain today. A clear articulation of normative principles of sustainable development is of paramount importance, as is the monumental task of policy implementation. The article argues that the trajectory of Malaysia's policy on natural resources and environmental issues bears the characteristics of path‐dependent evolution.     

Is the EU WFD suitable to support IWRM planning in non-European countries? Lessons learnt from the introduction of IWRM and River Basin Management in Mongolia

The Water Framework Directive (EU WFD, 2000/60EC, European Commission, 2000) is a comprehensive tool for water management taking Europe’s diverse national and local policy contexts into account. This has positioned the EU WFD as a potential tool to enhance the implementation of the globally-promoted integrated water resources management concept (IWRM) in developing and transition countries that to date lack comparable regulations. Using the case of Mongolia, a country that has shown interest in using aspects of the EU WFD for implementing its IWRM concept, we will discuss the extent to which the EU WFD also provides a framework for IWRM outside Europe. We find that the EU WFD may provide guidance for the implementation of ecosystem-based River Basin Management (RBM) within an existing national IWRM concept, in terms of public participation and in terms of economic analysis. However, the application of concepts EU WFD is easier if strong political will, good monitoring capacities and a legislative backbone covering key IWRM principles and the capacity for enforcement are in place. Also, the EU-WFD does not provide guidance in terms of water-related issues that are e.g. addressing gender, poverty and capacity development. Thus, the EU WFD cannot serve as a blueprint, as it requires adaptation to the different socio-economic, cultural and political contexts of the implementing country and it does not inform all aspects of IWRM.     

环境权探析及环境侵权的民事救济

环境权是社会生产、生活发展提出的新主张，是人类环境保护工作不断强化的产物。文章对环境权提出的时代背景、环境权的内容和特点作了分析。通过对宪法、环境保护基本法、环境保护单项法的分析，阐述了我国环境权保护的主要法律依据。最后，通过对我国《民法通则》的分析，说明和比较了香港地区和内地地区环境侵权民事救济的异同性。     

Iran's Water Crisis: Cultural, Political, and Ethical Dimensions

By the summer of 2001, most of Iranhad been suffering a three-year drought, theworst in recent history. Water rationing was inplace in Tehran and other cities, and largeproportions of the country's crops andlivestock were perishing. Yet many academicsand other experts in Iran insist that the watercrisis is only partly drought-related, andclaim that mismanagement of water resources isthe more significant cause. Underlying thisdiscussion is a complex of overlapping yetoften conflicting ethical systems – Iranian,Islamic, and modernist/industrialist – whichare available to inform water policy in Iran. Areview of the various arguments about thenature of the crisis and the range of solutionsthat have been proposed, including precedentsfrom traditional Iranian water management andthe ethics of water use in Islamic law,suggests that Iran's own cultural heritageprovides alternatives to wholesale adoption ofWestern models.     

低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流远场噪声特性研究

目的 将空气幕自噪声问题简化为低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流噪声问题,并研究其特性。方法 设计低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流试验台,并系统地研究主要噪声来源以及射流速度、方位角、宽高比等参数对远场噪声的影响规律。结果 低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流远场噪声主要集中在低频部分(500 Hz以内),除宽高比为14的矩形射流噪声因声共振现象导致某些频率附近存在模态噪声峰值,从而不符合噪声频谱归一化规律外,其他低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流远场噪声频谱都符合如下规律,即射流噪声总声压级大致与射流速度的7.4次方成正比,与矩形喷管宽度的1.6次方成正比。结论 低亚声速大宽高比矩形射流远场噪声归一化规律可为深入了解空气幕自噪声特性提供理论指导。     

燃气轮机用YS10-021聚酰亚胺三防试验验证分析

目的 研究湿热、盐雾、霉菌环境对YS10-021聚酰亚胺材料性能的影响,为燃气轮机选材设计和定寿、延寿提供数据支撑。方法 设计开展YS10-021聚酰亚胺三防试验,定期测试试样老化后的物理性能,并对试验数据进行统计分析。结果 经3552h湿热试验后,高温拉伸强度和高温弯曲强度下降24%,仍然符合出厂指标要求;常温弯曲强度下降34%,简支梁冲击强度下降62%,超出指标要求;其他各项性能未见明显老化。经3 552 h盐雾试验后,弯曲强度下降30%,其余性能均在出厂指标要求范围以内。经84 d霉菌试验后,YS10-021聚酰亚胺各项性能均有轻微下降趋势,但老化不明显。结论 YS10-021聚酰亚胺在湿热、盐雾、霉菌环境中的耐受性良好。总体来看,湿热和盐雾环境对YS10-021聚酰亚胺力学性能的影响更大。     

高压环境下2种NDIR型CO_(2)红外传感器的响应规律

目的研究压力变化环境对NDIR型CO_(2)气体传感器的影响,获得不同压力范围内传感器的响应变化规律。方法采用小型加压舱,在CO_(2)分压不变的情况下,分别采用N_(2)阶梯缓慢加压和冲击快速加压方式,研究英国C20和国产G4传感器在高压环境中稳定时间和漂移度等性能指标的波动规律,考察传感器对压力变化的响应规律。结果在低于607950 Pa的高气压稳压状态下,基本不会造成机械损伤,但信号会发生较大的漂移,国产G4分体式传感器出现信号震荡现象。CO_(2)分体式传感器及整机的浓度输出值随着压力的升高,标准气样值与实测值的比值接近幂函数形式,分体式传感器的输出浓度值比整机的输出浓度值要大。结论不同CO_(2)浓度分压下的压力响应规律具有比较良好的一致性,冲击加压的漂移比阶梯加压显著,浓度真值可以通过测量总压和内置多次函数来修正。