苏州河武宁路断面底泥需氧量的测定

对苏州河武宁路断面的底泥需氧量（SOD）进行了测定。结果表明，综合调水工程后，SOD首先经历了一个显著上升的过程，随后开始逐步下降，目前还处于不断变化的过程。其中，上覆水体的流态对SOD的影响很大；另外，随着水质改善，生物耗氧的权重可能还会增加。     

国家安全视角下的我国西部国土空间规划:体系完善与基本导向

当前,我国国土空间规划自上而下试图从宏观层面尽可能解决或缓解自改革开放以来所面临的生态环境问题、资源约束、人地关系冲突、多头管理、规划权威性等关键问题。我国国土规划的体系、架构和技术条例等迄今已形成相对科学合理的“共性”规范,但在战略层面讨论面向未来国家安全背景下的地域“个性”问题仍较缺乏。面对国家需求和西部特殊情境,应考虑建立基于国家安全考量的跨省区、跨流域的西部国土空间规划。在战略层面,为保障国家安全,此规划应着重考虑：（1）理论上,基于国家安全视角应建立跨省区、跨流域的西部国土空间规划体系;（2）实践中,建议制定西部空间尺度的以生态区、自然保护区为核心的“西部国土空间规划—生态安全”专项规划,以边境线、支撑线为规划脉络的“西部国土空间规划—生存安全”专项规划（或在规划中明确“国防安全细则”）,依托主要交通线以城镇体系为组织脉络的“西部国土空间规划—生活安全”专项规划（或在规划中明确“西部和谐社会建设细则”）,遵循主体功能区且以区域性中心城市、城市群等为中心的“西部国土空间规划—生产安全”专项规划（或“西部经济高质量发展规划”）,重构生态空间、生存空间、生活空间、生产空间;（3）特别建议强化边疆城镇/村寨建设,设立新时代“大三线建设”——西部“环青藏高原重点建设带”,以应对后疫情时期有限全球化和“双循环”现实的可能的国家安全需求。整体上,西部情境特殊,其国土空间规划与东中部应有差异,切忌一刀切。     

基于三维结构分析的碳排放总量控制研究——以浙江省为例

控制碳排放总量是能源环境治理的重要手段,是高质量发展的应有之义,更是我国完成2030年前碳达峰、争取2060年前实现碳中和的必然要求,但目前国家和地方并未明确实行碳排放总量控制。本研究以浙江为例,从能源生产侧、能源消费侧、区域三个维度,分析识别出浙江省碳排放总量控制的重点和难点:能源生产侧减排的重点在于提高非化石电力占比,难点在于推进存量火电机组的碳减排;能源消费侧减排的重点在于控制新上重大产业项目排放,难点在于控制第三产业和居民生活领域碳排放;区域减排的重点在于优化产业布局和用能结构,难点在于对地区碳排放总量缺乏有效约束。并提出电力结构低碳化、重点行业控碳、试点城市率先达峰和政策协同四方面突破点,争取到"十四五"末浙江省碳排放总量得到有效控制,为全国碳排放达峰做出浙江贡献。     

Sustainability through system transformation: lessons from Finnish efforts

This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production addresses system transformation by examining progress, stumbling blocks and opportunities for sustainable consumption and production in a specific country, Finland, set within a global context. The articles present and analyse top-down policy efforts, bottom-up efforts by municipalities, activities by companies and actions by consumers. They provide material for discussions on the shift from sustainability planning to enhancing system transformation, on the implications of globalisation for system boundaries, on the transformation of complex systems, on learning processes and on methods of assessing transitions. Without providing a singular solution, the articles show that issues of sustainability should be explored in different ways within different contexts, and experimented with. There is a continuous need for transformations and reflexive learning, since conditions are likely to become very different, not least due to climate change. The notion of change and transformation will be high on the agenda of the Rio+20 conference, as will similar efforts to promote large-scale transformations of consumption and production.     

我国典型城市中小学水环境教育现状与需求解析

本文选择青岛、武汉两城市为代表,对我国典型城市中小学水环境教育现状进行了调查研究,研究结果表明,目前已经在两地已开展的环境教育活动对青少年环境知识水平的提高起到了积极作用.但是,青少年环境保护意识仍需加强,相关知识有待于和实践进一步结合,同时在解决环境问题的技能、思考力和判断力方面仍有很大的空间.因此,构建我国青少年水环境教育体系应进一步注重提高青少年解决环境问题的思考力和环境意识,特别是落实到水环境保护行为的教育需纳入青少年环境教育框架.     

测定高氯废水CODcr的方法探讨——硫酸汞添加法

化学需氧量是评价水体中有机物污染的重要指标,通常采用CODcr来表示。在其测定过程中氯离子是影响结果准确性的重要因素。由于氯离子的干扰,高氯废水中化学需氧量测定误差较大,尤其对于高氯低化学需氧量的水样,其干扰更为严重。本文对高氯废水化学需氧量的测定方法以及原理进行了阐述,针对不同范围的化学需氧量,对应采用高浓度重铬酸钾氧化法、低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法来测定,最终确定了一种最直接、简便、准确的方法-硫酸汞添加法来测定高氯废水的CODcr。     

乡村旅游诱导下农户能源消费模式的演变——基于六盘山生态旅游区的农户调查分析

以旅游业为主要产业业态的乡村已经成为我国乡村发展转型的4种类型之一。显然,乡村旅游业的发展必然会对乡村农户能源消费模式产生深远的影响。研究以六盘山生态旅游区农户调查数据为基础,从农户人均能源消费总量、结构以及最终消费用途为切入点,探讨了乡村旅游诱导下农户家庭能源消费模式演变的问题。结果表明:在能源消费总量上,乡村旅游农户家庭人均能源消费显著增加,比传统农户高42.96%,达到707.35 kgce。在消费结构上,乡村旅游农户商品能源占主导地位,新型能源(太阳能)广泛采用,传统能源比重逐渐降低,三者的比例93.10 ∶5.15 ∶1.75,而传统农户比例是46.30 ∶0.48 ∶53.22。在能源最终用途上,乡村旅游农户生活用能(炊事、取暖、家电、交通、热水、照明)总量大幅度增加,而与传统农业生产耗能有关的饲养和农机耗能已基本消失。传统农户能源耗能仍局限于炊事、取暖、饲养等基本的生产生活方面,与生活享受相关的家电、照明、热水、交通仍处于较低水平。研究还表明,农户能源消费模式的转变主要受家庭生产方式、农户用能方式、农户人均收入以及主观认知等因素的影响。在乡村旅游发展诱导下,六盘山生态旅游区乡村家庭农户能源消费正经历着由内向型"生活-生产系统"内部自循环模式向外向型"生活-旅游系统"外部输入型模式的转变。     

Integrated Modeling of Water Supply and Demand under Management Options and Climate Change Scenarios in Chifeng City,China

Water resource management is becoming increasingly challenging in northern China because of the rapid increase in water demand and decline in water supply due to climate change. We provide a case study demonstrating the importance of integrated watershed management in sustaining water resources in Chifeng City, northern China. We examine the consequences of various climate change scenarios and adaptive management options on water supply by integrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and Water Evaluation and Planning models. We show how integrated modeling is useful in projecting the likely effects of management options using limited information. Our study indicates that constructing more reservoirs can alleviate the current water shortage and groundwater depletion problems. However, this option is not necessarily the most effective measure to solve water supply problems; instead, improving irrigation efficiency and changing cropping structure may be more effective. Furthermore, measures to increase water supply have limited effects on water availability under a continuous drought and a dry‐and‐warm climate scenario. We conclude that the combined measure of reducing water demand and increasing supply is the most effective and practical solution for the water shortage problems in the study area.     

大气环境约束下的中国煤炭消费总量控制研究

煤炭消费过程中排放的大气污染物已成为我国大气污染的重要来源。本文采用WRF-CAMx 空气质量模型定量分析了煤炭消费- 污染物排放- 空气质量之间的影响关系,基于情景分析方法,研究了2020 年、2030年空气质量改善需求对地区大气污染物排放总量与煤炭消费总量的约束作用。在此基础上,结合重点地区行业发展与能源供需等因素,提出各省煤炭消费总量控制目标与控煤对策建议。研究结果表明,要实现2020 年、2030 年空气质量改善阶段性目标,全国煤炭消费总量应分别控制在40.8 亿吨和37.7 亿吨左右,京津冀鲁豫等11 个重点省份2020 年煤炭消费量应控制在15.8 亿吨、2030 年控制在13.1 亿吨,全国煤炭清洁化利用水平需要在当前基础上大幅度提升。     

Effect of dye auxiliaries on chemical oxygen demand and colour competitive removal from textile effluents using Posidonia oceanica

The use of an abundant and widely distributed seagrass species, Posidonia oceanica, as a biosorbent for the direct dye Yellow 44 was successfully shown. The studies were performed on the single dyestuff dissolved in water and in a dyebath containing agents commonly used in the textile industry, i.e. a surfactant (Lavotan TBU), a sequestring agent (Meropan DPE), a softening agent (Eurosoft CI10) and a salt (NaCl). The colour reduction results showed that P. oceanica was found to be more efficient for removal of Yellow 44 from an aqueous solution (162 mg g^?1) than from a dyebath solution (135 mg g^?1), according to the Langmuir isotherm model. For the single dyestuff sorption, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies highlighted chemical sorption between the dye alcohol function and the sorbent acid function. The chemical oxygen demand removal percentages were found to be 54.9 and 76.6% for Yellow 44 dissolved in aqueous solution and in dyebath solution, respectively. This confirmed the both sorption of the chemical auxiliaries and the dye on P. oceanica.